NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
1. Format of the fi- The final exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and is comprehensive.
nal exam in NR
507
2. Key concepts Gastrointestinal pathologies, Neurobiological pathologies, Endocrine patholo-
covered in Weeks gies, CNS sensory and motor pathologies, Brain pathologies, Dermatologic
5-8 of NR 507 pathologies.
3. Key concepts COPD, Asthma, Hypersensitivity reactions, Restrictive vs. Obstructive disorders,
covered in Weeks Heart failure, Lab markers for Anemia, Anemias, Iron deficiency anemia, Systemic
1-4 of NR 507 lupus erythematosus, Heart valve disorders.
4. Subjective symp- Heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and chest pain.
toms of GERD
5. Objective find- The physical examination is usually normal, although there may be signs of
ings in a phys- esophagitis or other complications in severe cases.
ical examination
of uncomplicated
GERD
6. Pathophysiology GERD is caused by lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction, hiatal hernia, and
of GERD esophageal motility disorders leading to gastric acid flowing back into the esoph-
agus.
7. Treatment op- Lifestyle modifications, medications (antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton
tions for GERD pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents), and surgery.
8. Warning signs of Dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, melena, and early
GERD for pa- satiety.
tients over 50
9.
Page 1 of 19
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
Pathophysiology Appendicitis involves obstruction of the lumen of the appendix, leading to inflam-
of appendicitis mation, infection, and potential perforation due to increased luminal pressure
and compromised blood flow.
10. Common symp- Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, fever and leukocytosis, nausea, and vomiting.
toms of appen-
dicitis
11. Diagnostic tests WBC count greater than 10,000 cells/mm3 with increased neutrophils, C-reactive
for appendicitis protein, abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.
12. Risks following Increased risk of colon cancer among individuals aged 50-74 years.
an appendecto-
my
13. NP role in The NP evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment.
the treatment of
GERD
14. Lifestyle modifi- Lifestyle modifications may include dietary changes, weight management, and
cations for GERD avoiding triggers.
patients
15. Medications Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetic agents.
commonly used
to treat GERD
16. Significance of Impaired esophageal peristalsis reduces esophageal clearance, leading to pool-
esophageal ing of gastric acid.
motility
disorders in
GERD
17.
Page 2 of 19
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
Role of the low- The LES dysfunction allows gastric acid to flow back into the esophagus, contribut-
er esophageal ing to GERD.
sphincter (LES) in
GERD
18. Potential compli- Untreated appendicitis can lead to perforation and systemic response.
cations of un-
treated appen-
dicitis
19. Importance of Increased C-reactive protein indicates systemic inflammation associated with ap-
C-reactive pro- pendicitis.
tein in diagnos-
ing appendicitis
20. Typical pain pat- Pain typically starts as periumbilical pain and later localizes to the right lower
tern associated quadrant (RLQ).
with appendicitis
21. Role of imaging Imaging such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI are used to confirm the
in diagnosing ap- diagnosis of appendicitis.
pendicitis
22. Major risk factor Diaphragmatic weakness.
for GERD associ-
ated with Hiatal
Hernia
23. Contributing fac- Aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased intra-abdominal pressure (chronic coughing
tors to Hiatal or Valsalva maneuver), and structural abnormalities of the diaphragm.
Hernia
24. Hiatal Hernia
Page 3 of 19
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
1. Format of the fi- The final exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and is comprehensive.
nal exam in NR
507
2. Key concepts Gastrointestinal pathologies, Neurobiological pathologies, Endocrine patholo-
covered in Weeks gies, CNS sensory and motor pathologies, Brain pathologies, Dermatologic
5-8 of NR 507 pathologies.
3. Key concepts COPD, Asthma, Hypersensitivity reactions, Restrictive vs. Obstructive disorders,
covered in Weeks Heart failure, Lab markers for Anemia, Anemias, Iron deficiency anemia, Systemic
1-4 of NR 507 lupus erythematosus, Heart valve disorders.
4. Subjective symp- Heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and chest pain.
toms of GERD
5. Objective find- The physical examination is usually normal, although there may be signs of
ings in a phys- esophagitis or other complications in severe cases.
ical examination
of uncomplicated
GERD
6. Pathophysiology GERD is caused by lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction, hiatal hernia, and
of GERD esophageal motility disorders leading to gastric acid flowing back into the esoph-
agus.
7. Treatment op- Lifestyle modifications, medications (antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton
tions for GERD pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents), and surgery.
8. Warning signs of Dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, melena, and early
GERD for pa- satiety.
tients over 50
9.
Page 1 of 19
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
Pathophysiology Appendicitis involves obstruction of the lumen of the appendix, leading to inflam-
of appendicitis mation, infection, and potential perforation due to increased luminal pressure
and compromised blood flow.
10. Common symp- Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, fever and leukocytosis, nausea, and vomiting.
toms of appen-
dicitis
11. Diagnostic tests WBC count greater than 10,000 cells/mm3 with increased neutrophils, C-reactive
for appendicitis protein, abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.
12. Risks following Increased risk of colon cancer among individuals aged 50-74 years.
an appendecto-
my
13. NP role in The NP evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment.
the treatment of
GERD
14. Lifestyle modifi- Lifestyle modifications may include dietary changes, weight management, and
cations for GERD avoiding triggers.
patients
15. Medications Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetic agents.
commonly used
to treat GERD
16. Significance of Impaired esophageal peristalsis reduces esophageal clearance, leading to pool-
esophageal ing of gastric acid.
motility
disorders in
GERD
17.
Page 2 of 19
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4fchc
Role of the low- The LES dysfunction allows gastric acid to flow back into the esophagus, contribut-
er esophageal ing to GERD.
sphincter (LES) in
GERD
18. Potential compli- Untreated appendicitis can lead to perforation and systemic response.
cations of un-
treated appen-
dicitis
19. Importance of Increased C-reactive protein indicates systemic inflammation associated with ap-
C-reactive pro- pendicitis.
tein in diagnos-
ing appendicitis
20. Typical pain pat- Pain typically starts as periumbilical pain and later localizes to the right lower
tern associated quadrant (RLQ).
with appendicitis
21. Role of imaging Imaging such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI are used to confirm the
in diagnosing ap- diagnosis of appendicitis.
pendicitis
22. Major risk factor Diaphragmatic weakness.
for GERD associ-
ated with Hiatal
Hernia
23. Contributing fac- Aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased intra-abdominal pressure (chronic coughing
tors to Hiatal or Valsalva maneuver), and structural abnormalities of the diaphragm.
Hernia
24. Hiatal Hernia
Page 3 of 19
