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PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Nociceptive Pain - ANSWER-pain receptors in the PNS being
stimulated by mechanical, thermal or chemical means
Pain Threshold - ANSWER-lowest intensity of pain that a
person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - ANSWER-greatest intensity of pain that can
be endured
Acute Pain - ANSWER-protective mechanism and sudden
onset. Warning of an actual or impending tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - ANSWER-occurs in connective tissue, muscle,
bone and skin
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Visceral Pain - ANSWER-pain in internal organs and lining of
body cavities associated with nausea, vomiting and
restlessness
Referred Pain - ANSWER-occurs in an area distant from the
point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with
sensory fibers from another point in the body → fibers converge
→ carry signals to the cerebral cortex
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - ANSWER-pain lasting longer
than 3 months and may be persistent. Onset can be sudden or
develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and
psychological changes
Neuralgia - ANSWER-pain in the distribution of a nerve
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Neuropathic Pain - ANSWER-pain caused by a lesion or
dysfunction of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - ANSWER-neuropathic pain from nerve
trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - ANSWER-pain and inflammation in the fascia
that covers muscles due to injury and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - ANSWER-process that allows your body to
maintain its core internal temperature mediated by the
hypothalamus and endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - ANSWER--
Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
, 4 | Page
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - ANSWER-- Autonomic Nervous
system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a
warmer environment to a cooler environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - ANSWER--
Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps
heat in
Fever - ANSWER-temporary response to either endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens
PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Nociceptive Pain - ANSWER-pain receptors in the PNS being
stimulated by mechanical, thermal or chemical means
Pain Threshold - ANSWER-lowest intensity of pain that a
person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - ANSWER-greatest intensity of pain that can
be endured
Acute Pain - ANSWER-protective mechanism and sudden
onset. Warning of an actual or impending tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - ANSWER-occurs in connective tissue, muscle,
bone and skin
,2 | Page
Visceral Pain - ANSWER-pain in internal organs and lining of
body cavities associated with nausea, vomiting and
restlessness
Referred Pain - ANSWER-occurs in an area distant from the
point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with
sensory fibers from another point in the body → fibers converge
→ carry signals to the cerebral cortex
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - ANSWER-pain lasting longer
than 3 months and may be persistent. Onset can be sudden or
develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and
psychological changes
Neuralgia - ANSWER-pain in the distribution of a nerve
,3 | Page
Neuropathic Pain - ANSWER-pain caused by a lesion or
dysfunction of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - ANSWER-neuropathic pain from nerve
trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - ANSWER-pain and inflammation in the fascia
that covers muscles due to injury and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - ANSWER-process that allows your body to
maintain its core internal temperature mediated by the
hypothalamus and endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - ANSWER--
Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
, 4 | Page
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - ANSWER-- Autonomic Nervous
system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a
warmer environment to a cooler environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - ANSWER--
Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps
heat in
Fever - ANSWER-temporary response to either endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens
