Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology, Anatomy and Physiology, ner-
vous system, Nervous system physiology and anatomy
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1. spinal cord a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from
the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral
column
2. cerebellum a major feature of the hindbrain responsible for body movements and balance
3. cerebrum the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front
area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by
a fissure
4. midbrain relays sensory and motor impulses; serves important functions in motor move-
ment, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
5. pons part of the brain stem, assists with regulation of breathing
6. medulla oblon- part of brain stem, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, and
gata controls the reflexes of coughing, sneezing, and vomiting
7. pituitary gland a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothala-
mus, to which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and
produces critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various
bodily functions
8. hypothalamus lower portion of diencephalon which acts as an autonomic center regulating
metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, energy level, and body
temperature
9. thalamus middle portion of diencephalon which relays sensory impulses up to the sensory
cortex (aka the cerebrum); regulates sleep and consciousness
10. epithalamus upper portion of diencephalon that regulates hormones secreted by the pineal
gland. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin derived hormone which
modulates sleep patterns
, Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology, Anatomy and Physiology, ner-
vous system, Nervous system physiology and anatomy
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8iyqlb
11. striatum structure lying at the base of the forebrain which is a critical component of
the motor and reward systems. Coordinates decision-making, motivation, and
reinforcement.
12. corpus callosum a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right
hemispheres and acts as the connection between the two.
13. meninges three layers of protective tissue between the brain and skull
14. frontal lobe cerebrum lobe responsible for memory, intelligence, behavior, emotions, motor
function, and smell
15. occipital lobe cerebrum lobe responsible for vision and speech
16. parietal lobe lobe responsible for somatic sensations (pain, touch, temperature perception),
and speech
17. temporal lobe lobe responsible for hearing, smell, memory, speech, and emotion
18. brain stem Portion of brain that contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and the beginning of
the spinal cord, controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of
the body, and it also controls basic body functions
19. Broca's area area on left frontal lobe responsible for tongue and lip movements
20. primary motor area in frontal lobe responsible for sending impulses to muscles
cortex
21. primary somatic area in parietal lobe responsible for interpreting sensory impulses from the body
sensory cortex
22. dura mater outermost meninges layer
vous system, Nervous system physiology and anatomy
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8iyqlb
1. spinal cord a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from
the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral
column
2. cerebellum a major feature of the hindbrain responsible for body movements and balance
3. cerebrum the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front
area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by
a fissure
4. midbrain relays sensory and motor impulses; serves important functions in motor move-
ment, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
5. pons part of the brain stem, assists with regulation of breathing
6. medulla oblon- part of brain stem, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, and
gata controls the reflexes of coughing, sneezing, and vomiting
7. pituitary gland a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothala-
mus, to which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and
produces critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various
bodily functions
8. hypothalamus lower portion of diencephalon which acts as an autonomic center regulating
metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, energy level, and body
temperature
9. thalamus middle portion of diencephalon which relays sensory impulses up to the sensory
cortex (aka the cerebrum); regulates sleep and consciousness
10. epithalamus upper portion of diencephalon that regulates hormones secreted by the pineal
gland. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin derived hormone which
modulates sleep patterns
, Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology, Anatomy and Physiology, ner-
vous system, Nervous system physiology and anatomy
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8iyqlb
11. striatum structure lying at the base of the forebrain which is a critical component of
the motor and reward systems. Coordinates decision-making, motivation, and
reinforcement.
12. corpus callosum a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right
hemispheres and acts as the connection between the two.
13. meninges three layers of protective tissue between the brain and skull
14. frontal lobe cerebrum lobe responsible for memory, intelligence, behavior, emotions, motor
function, and smell
15. occipital lobe cerebrum lobe responsible for vision and speech
16. parietal lobe lobe responsible for somatic sensations (pain, touch, temperature perception),
and speech
17. temporal lobe lobe responsible for hearing, smell, memory, speech, and emotion
18. brain stem Portion of brain that contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and the beginning of
the spinal cord, controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of
the body, and it also controls basic body functions
19. Broca's area area on left frontal lobe responsible for tongue and lip movements
20. primary motor area in frontal lobe responsible for sending impulses to muscles
cortex
21. primary somatic area in parietal lobe responsible for interpreting sensory impulses from the body
sensory cortex
22. dura mater outermost meninges layer
