Neurologic System Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqg89n
1. Neurons Cells that detect environmental changes and initiate responses to maintain a
dynamic steady state.
2. Three Compo- Cell body, dendrites, and axons.
nents of a Neuron
3. Nuclei vs. Ganglia Nuclei are dense neuron collections in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS.
4. Dendrites Processes that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body.
5. Axons Processes that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body (only one per
neuron).
6. Myelin and Nodes Myelin wraps axons, interrupted by nodes of Ranvier, allowing more rapid action
of Ranvier potentials.
7. Sensory (Afferent) Neurons carrying impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS.
Neurons
8. Neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to an organ or muscle.
, Neurologic System Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqg89n
Motor (Efferent)
Neurons
9. Associational Neurons carrying impulses from sensory to motor neurons.
Neurons
10. Neuroglia Nonneuronal support cells making up about 50% of brain and spinal cord volume.
11. Blood-Brain Barri- Cellular structures of brain capillary endothelial cells and neuroglia inhibiting
er (BBB) entry into interstitial spaces.
12. Substances Al- Glucose, lipid-soluble molecules, and electrolytes.
lowed by the BBB
13. Nerve Regenera- Dendrites regenerate in PNS/CNS; axons are much more likely to regenerate in
tion the PNS.
14. Synapse The synaptic cleft or area between adjacent neurons.
15. Synaptic Button Swollen area at the end of the axon triggering neurotransmitter release.
16. Excitatory and In- Chemical messengers that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
hibitory Neuro-
transmitters
17. Major Neuro- Glutamate, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin,
transmitters (Ex- dopamine, and endorphins.
amples)
18. Brain (cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum) and spinal cord.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqg89n
1. Neurons Cells that detect environmental changes and initiate responses to maintain a
dynamic steady state.
2. Three Compo- Cell body, dendrites, and axons.
nents of a Neuron
3. Nuclei vs. Ganglia Nuclei are dense neuron collections in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS.
4. Dendrites Processes that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body.
5. Axons Processes that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body (only one per
neuron).
6. Myelin and Nodes Myelin wraps axons, interrupted by nodes of Ranvier, allowing more rapid action
of Ranvier potentials.
7. Sensory (Afferent) Neurons carrying impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS.
Neurons
8. Neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to an organ or muscle.
, Neurologic System Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqg89n
Motor (Efferent)
Neurons
9. Associational Neurons carrying impulses from sensory to motor neurons.
Neurons
10. Neuroglia Nonneuronal support cells making up about 50% of brain and spinal cord volume.
11. Blood-Brain Barri- Cellular structures of brain capillary endothelial cells and neuroglia inhibiting
er (BBB) entry into interstitial spaces.
12. Substances Al- Glucose, lipid-soluble molecules, and electrolytes.
lowed by the BBB
13. Nerve Regenera- Dendrites regenerate in PNS/CNS; axons are much more likely to regenerate in
tion the PNS.
14. Synapse The synaptic cleft or area between adjacent neurons.
15. Synaptic Button Swollen area at the end of the axon triggering neurotransmitter release.
16. Excitatory and In- Chemical messengers that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
hibitory Neuro-
transmitters
17. Major Neuro- Glutamate, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin,
transmitters (Ex- dopamine, and endorphins.
amples)
18. Brain (cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum) and spinal cord.
