TESTBANK
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
Chapter 1 Test A 1
,MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargum
ents a nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today ar
e workin g more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty
years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man perfo
rming an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 mi
nutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxin
g less. ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replace
s other m etals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that reg
ulate blood pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood press
ure in adults), heme productio n (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead a
lso displaces calcium in the reactions tha t transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which
diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio n.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall inform
ation. ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
choose th e proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and
that extremes of emo tion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men o
f practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have t
he capacity to follow the "right rule" whate ver the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
income ta x and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increas
ing the amount thes e merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, whi
ch increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay.
Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im migrants contribute nothing to the communities
in which they live.
2
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, a
re over- arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of
other eth nic groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes
against property an d served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses,
Euroamerican women ended u p serving one-
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in
prison. ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There ar
e criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect un
protected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that a
ssists them in committing ident ity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online a
dvertisers by using these zombie compute rs to visit pay-per-click ads.
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a fi
rewall. ANS: E - - PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be ma de
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosph ere
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of c
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
omparison for planetologists. - -
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. - - - - - - - -
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosp - - - - - - - - -
here. ANS: C - - PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, c ommunitie s
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
c an be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
life sus taining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinctio n of tigers in the wild will be
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. - - - - - -
3
, d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. - - - - - - - - -
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be a - - - - - - - - - - -
verted. ANS: A - - PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we nee d
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
to un derstand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
feel, lea rn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuro n works and
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
how neurons c ommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the p uzzle of human
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
behavior and mental pr ocessing. - - - -
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. - - - - - - - -
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D - - PTS: 2 - -
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are compo sed
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
of a n ucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other pr operties of
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
living org anisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruse s can be
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
crystallized and stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the cap acity to invade
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
cells and cause disease. - - -
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations - - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. - - - - - - - - - -
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living - - - - - - - -
cells. ANS: B - - PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated b
- - - - - - - - - - -
y the wind down b y 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkabl e
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
progress as new photovoltai c cells have been developed to convert even greater amount s of
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
sunlight directly into electricity. Tod ay the costs of wind and solar power are becom ing
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
competitive with dirty coal-fired plants. - - - -
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. - - - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. - - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. - - - - - - - - -
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electr - - - - - - - - -
icity. ANS: D - - PTS: 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did no t
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
commit. From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
cases DNA evi dence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
prisoners were executed. F or many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have been exonerated?
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. - - - - - - - - - - -
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. - - - - - - - - -
4
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
Chapter 1 Test A 1
,MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargum
ents a nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today ar
e workin g more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty
years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man perfo
rming an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 mi
nutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxin
g less. ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replace
s other m etals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that reg
ulate blood pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood press
ure in adults), heme productio n (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead a
lso displaces calcium in the reactions tha t transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which
diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio n.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall inform
ation. ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
choose th e proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and
that extremes of emo tion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men o
f practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have t
he capacity to follow the "right rule" whate ver the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
income ta x and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increas
ing the amount thes e merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, whi
ch increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay.
Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im migrants contribute nothing to the communities
in which they live.
2
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, a
re over- arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of
other eth nic groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes
against property an d served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses,
Euroamerican women ended u p serving one-
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in
prison. ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There ar
e criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect un
protected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that a
ssists them in committing ident ity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online a
dvertisers by using these zombie compute rs to visit pay-per-click ads.
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a fi
rewall. ANS: E - - PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be ma de
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosph ere
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of c
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
omparison for planetologists. - -
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. - - - - - - - -
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosp - - - - - - - - -
here. ANS: C - - PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, c ommunitie s
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
c an be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
life sus taining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinctio n of tigers in the wild will be
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. - - - - - -
3
, d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. - - - - - - - - -
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be a - - - - - - - - - - -
verted. ANS: A - - PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we nee d
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
to un derstand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
feel, lea rn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuro n works and
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
how neurons c ommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the p uzzle of human
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
behavior and mental pr ocessing. - - - -
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. - - - - - - - -
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D - - PTS: 2 - -
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are compo sed
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
of a n ucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other pr operties of
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
living org anisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruse s can be
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
crystallized and stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the cap acity to invade
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
cells and cause disease. - - -
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations - - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. - - - - - - - - - -
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living - - - - - - - -
cells. ANS: B - - PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated b
- - - - - - - - - - -
y the wind down b y 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkabl e
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
progress as new photovoltai c cells have been developed to convert even greater amount s of
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
sunlight directly into electricity. Tod ay the costs of wind and solar power are becom ing
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
competitive with dirty coal-fired plants. - - - -
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. - - - - - - - - - -
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. - - - - - - - - -
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. - - - - - - - - -
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electr - - - - - - - - -
icity. ANS: D - - PTS: 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did no t
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
commit. From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
cases DNA evi dence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
prisoners were executed. F or many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have been exonerated?
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. - - - - - - - - - - -
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. - - - - - - -
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. - - - - - - - - -
4
