https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
cpen with verified review questions and answers. 2025/2026
inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the
epididymitis urethra or the bladder s/s scrotal pain, groin pain ,swelling, discharge
a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading
testicular torsion into the testicle
...an increase in systolic with concurrent decrease in diastolic blood pressure; an indication
of increased ICP
Widening pulse pressure a sign of decompensated shock,
1. Opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioid drugs
2. Used to treat opioid overdose (heroin)
Narcan (naloxone) 3. Found in dental emergency kits
Flumazenil antidote for benzodiazepines
a collection of blood in the space between the skull and dura mater
classic presentation initial LOC followed by lucid period followed by rapid decline in LOC
epidural hematoma
collection of blood under the dura mater
sudden onset LOC
subdural hematoma seen with violent shaking /abusive head trauma
Bleeding into subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and the pia matter
- Commonly spontaneous and atraumatic, often the result of rupture of an aneurysm or
subarachnoid hemorrhage arteriovenous malformation
- Pt will c/o worst headache of their life
3 C's
Convulsion
Tricyclic antidepressants side effects Coma
Cardiac Arrhythmias
friction rub a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
measles koplick's spots, fever cough, photophobia, rash
- Nausea, vomiting, H/A stupor, renal failure
Iron toxicity symptoms - Antidote: deferoxamine (Desferal)
4mL x body weight (kg) x percentage of body surface= total fluid requirement in mL for 24
hours
to calculate what the IV will run at NOW, take that # and divide it by 2, now divide it by (8-
however long it took to get to the ER) to get your hourly IV flow rate
Parkland Burn Formula
half to be given in 1st 8 hours, 1/4 in second 8 hours and 1/4 in last 8 hours...starting at the
time of the burn, not arrival to ER
Sudden onset of high fever, large lymph nodes called buboes, skin hemorrhages, bloody
Plague sputum
A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with
Smallpox pustules to face and trunk
a method used to estimate the extent and severity of burns rule of nines divides body into 11
areas, each accounting for 9% of the
-total body area plus 1% for the genitals sections of rule of nines (5)
1. head and neck- 9%
2. upper limbs- 18%
burns rule of Nines 3. trunk-36%
4. perineum-1%
5. lower limbs- 36%
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, https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
cpen with verified review questions and answers. 2025/2026
Found in pesticides, can cause cholinergic overstimulation by inhibiting cholinesterase, Tx:
atropine
Organophosphates 2PAM
s/s salivation, lacrimation,urination,defecation,
The PAT triangle assessment includes Appearance , Work of breathing, Circulation to skin. (Limmer & O'keefe pg 888)
Beck's triad hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
Assessment findings
- DYSPNEA or ORTHOPNEA
- DYSPHAGIA
- ABDOMINAL PAIN
- SHARP EPIGASTRIC or CHEST PAIN RADIATING to left shoulder (Kehr sign)
- Bowel sounds auscultated in the lungs on injured side
Ruptured diaphragm Interventions
- Prepare for surgery
ch. 11, p. 146
Severe Headache - from stretching of the dura and walls of Ig blood vessels
Vomiting - Often projectile, not associated with food intake, results of pressure stimulating
the emetic center in medulla
Early signs of increased ICP Papilledema - may be present, caused by increased ICP and swelling of the optic disc
- Lowered LOC
- Decreased motor and sensory responses
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Late signs of increased ICP - Decerebrate or decorticate posturing
- Fixed and dilated pupils
a major cause of unintentional injury-related death in children ages 1 to 14 years. The term
near-drowning is no longer used; instead, the term submersion injury should be used up until
the time of drowning-related death• All children who have a submersion injury should be
admitted to the hospital for observation. Although many patients do not appear to have
suffered adverse effects from the event, complications (e.g., respiratory compromise,
submersion injury
cerebral edema) may occur 24 hours after the incident.
transposition of the great arteries
most common cyanotic heart lesion
TGA symptoms s/s dyspnea, feeding difficulties, CHF, obstructive pulmonary disease
treat with prostaglandins
1. contact poison control center
2. evaluate and maintain ventilation
hydrocarbon toxicity (management) 3. GI decontamination (controversial)
4. supportive and symptomatic care
a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent
causes altered mental status, tachycardia, hypotension, acidosis
ethylene glycol treat with ethanol infusion
Rattlesnakes copperheads and water moccasins able to detect heat given off by warm bodied
prey
pit vipers bites cause nausea ,vomiting ,metallic taste in mouth
A cardiac anomaly that consists of four defects; a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary
stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta.
Tetrology of Fallot (TOF) s/s apnea hypotension
treatment; oxygen, prostaglandins, surgical intervention
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
cpen with verified review questions and answers. 2025/2026
inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the
epididymitis urethra or the bladder s/s scrotal pain, groin pain ,swelling, discharge
a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading
testicular torsion into the testicle
...an increase in systolic with concurrent decrease in diastolic blood pressure; an indication
of increased ICP
Widening pulse pressure a sign of decompensated shock,
1. Opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioid drugs
2. Used to treat opioid overdose (heroin)
Narcan (naloxone) 3. Found in dental emergency kits
Flumazenil antidote for benzodiazepines
a collection of blood in the space between the skull and dura mater
classic presentation initial LOC followed by lucid period followed by rapid decline in LOC
epidural hematoma
collection of blood under the dura mater
sudden onset LOC
subdural hematoma seen with violent shaking /abusive head trauma
Bleeding into subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and the pia matter
- Commonly spontaneous and atraumatic, often the result of rupture of an aneurysm or
subarachnoid hemorrhage arteriovenous malformation
- Pt will c/o worst headache of their life
3 C's
Convulsion
Tricyclic antidepressants side effects Coma
Cardiac Arrhythmias
friction rub a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
measles koplick's spots, fever cough, photophobia, rash
- Nausea, vomiting, H/A stupor, renal failure
Iron toxicity symptoms - Antidote: deferoxamine (Desferal)
4mL x body weight (kg) x percentage of body surface= total fluid requirement in mL for 24
hours
to calculate what the IV will run at NOW, take that # and divide it by 2, now divide it by (8-
however long it took to get to the ER) to get your hourly IV flow rate
Parkland Burn Formula
half to be given in 1st 8 hours, 1/4 in second 8 hours and 1/4 in last 8 hours...starting at the
time of the burn, not arrival to ER
Sudden onset of high fever, large lymph nodes called buboes, skin hemorrhages, bloody
Plague sputum
A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with
Smallpox pustules to face and trunk
a method used to estimate the extent and severity of burns rule of nines divides body into 11
areas, each accounting for 9% of the
-total body area plus 1% for the genitals sections of rule of nines (5)
1. head and neck- 9%
2. upper limbs- 18%
burns rule of Nines 3. trunk-36%
4. perineum-1%
5. lower limbs- 36%
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
cpen with verified review questions and answers. 2025/2026
Found in pesticides, can cause cholinergic overstimulation by inhibiting cholinesterase, Tx:
atropine
Organophosphates 2PAM
s/s salivation, lacrimation,urination,defecation,
The PAT triangle assessment includes Appearance , Work of breathing, Circulation to skin. (Limmer & O'keefe pg 888)
Beck's triad hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
Assessment findings
- DYSPNEA or ORTHOPNEA
- DYSPHAGIA
- ABDOMINAL PAIN
- SHARP EPIGASTRIC or CHEST PAIN RADIATING to left shoulder (Kehr sign)
- Bowel sounds auscultated in the lungs on injured side
Ruptured diaphragm Interventions
- Prepare for surgery
ch. 11, p. 146
Severe Headache - from stretching of the dura and walls of Ig blood vessels
Vomiting - Often projectile, not associated with food intake, results of pressure stimulating
the emetic center in medulla
Early signs of increased ICP Papilledema - may be present, caused by increased ICP and swelling of the optic disc
- Lowered LOC
- Decreased motor and sensory responses
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Late signs of increased ICP - Decerebrate or decorticate posturing
- Fixed and dilated pupils
a major cause of unintentional injury-related death in children ages 1 to 14 years. The term
near-drowning is no longer used; instead, the term submersion injury should be used up until
the time of drowning-related death• All children who have a submersion injury should be
admitted to the hospital for observation. Although many patients do not appear to have
suffered adverse effects from the event, complications (e.g., respiratory compromise,
submersion injury
cerebral edema) may occur 24 hours after the incident.
transposition of the great arteries
most common cyanotic heart lesion
TGA symptoms s/s dyspnea, feeding difficulties, CHF, obstructive pulmonary disease
treat with prostaglandins
1. contact poison control center
2. evaluate and maintain ventilation
hydrocarbon toxicity (management) 3. GI decontamination (controversial)
4. supportive and symptomatic care
a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent
causes altered mental status, tachycardia, hypotension, acidosis
ethylene glycol treat with ethanol infusion
Rattlesnakes copperheads and water moccasins able to detect heat given off by warm bodied
prey
pit vipers bites cause nausea ,vomiting ,metallic taste in mouth
A cardiac anomaly that consists of four defects; a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary
stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta.
Tetrology of Fallot (TOF) s/s apnea hypotension
treatment; oxygen, prostaglandins, surgical intervention
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
