NR507- ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAMS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Actions of Insulin - ANSWER-Insulin promotes glucose uptake
mostly in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue
2. Acute Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-Diagnosing by clinical
symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
3. Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not
always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and
urinary tract imaging
4. Acute renal failure - ANSWER-Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good
output; this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
5. Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - ANSWER-Onset of adrenal
crisis is signified by hypotension
6. Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and
shock. This is known as adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and
develops with undiagnosed disease, acute withdrawal of
glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other
comorbid stressful events
, 7. Alzheimer's Disease - ANSWER-Decreased short-term memory
occurs with mild cognitive decline as a result of a reduced
hippocampus size
8. Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - ANSWER-
Autonomic Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
9. Bacterial Meningitis - ANSWER-Associated with compression of
Cranial nerve V and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain
that can worsen with chewing
10. Bell's Palsy - ANSWER-Associated with Cranial Nerve VII
paralysis and results in facial asymmetry and inability to close
eye, smile or frown on the affected side
11. Cerebrovascular Accident - ANSWER-Review s/s
depending on the artery infarcted
12. Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor:
contralateral paralysis or paresis (greater in foot and thigh)
13. Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct
include contralateral loss of vibratory sense, sense of position
with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination, impaired
rapid alternating movements
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAMS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Actions of Insulin - ANSWER-Insulin promotes glucose uptake
mostly in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue
2. Acute Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-Diagnosing by clinical
symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
3. Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not
always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and
urinary tract imaging
4. Acute renal failure - ANSWER-Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good
output; this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
5. Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - ANSWER-Onset of adrenal
crisis is signified by hypotension
6. Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and
shock. This is known as adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and
develops with undiagnosed disease, acute withdrawal of
glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other
comorbid stressful events
, 7. Alzheimer's Disease - ANSWER-Decreased short-term memory
occurs with mild cognitive decline as a result of a reduced
hippocampus size
8. Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - ANSWER-
Autonomic Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
9. Bacterial Meningitis - ANSWER-Associated with compression of
Cranial nerve V and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain
that can worsen with chewing
10. Bell's Palsy - ANSWER-Associated with Cranial Nerve VII
paralysis and results in facial asymmetry and inability to close
eye, smile or frown on the affected side
11. Cerebrovascular Accident - ANSWER-Review s/s
depending on the artery infarcted
12. Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor:
contralateral paralysis or paresis (greater in foot and thigh)
13. Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct
include contralateral loss of vibratory sense, sense of position
with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination, impaired
rapid alternating movements
