BIOL 2321 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Lipoprotein - Answers Attaches the peptidoglycan to the membrane in Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria - Answers More likely to tolerate excessive osmotic pressure conditions
Archeal cell wall - Answers Pseudomurien
DNA, RNA, protien - Answers compromises about 25% of the cell weight of a bacterial cell
Microbes - Answers -Archaea is an extremophile
-Viruses require host to replicate
Types of microbes - Answers viruses, algae, archaea
Periplasm - Answers found only in the cell of gram-negative bacteria
Ether-linked lipids - Answers found in some Archaea
Ion gradients - Answers storage of potential energy
Louis Pasteur - Answers -microbes are responsible for chemical process of wine (fermentation)
-Microbial growth & metabolism still occur with lack of O2
-Formation of acetic acid due to contaminating microbes
Cell layers of bacteria cells - Answers -lipoprotein
-S Layer
-capsule
-LPS layer
-Teichoic acids
Pure culture - Answers identification of microbial types in the environment sample could have been
done without culturing anything
Suspected dx-causing microbe - Answers -
-
is not consistent with one or more of Kochs postulates
Capsule - Answers aids in avoiding phagocytosis for pathogens
Penicillin - Answers most effective on a bacterial population that is growing rapidly
MreB - Answers Cytoskeleton element found in rod-shaped bacteria; facilitates cell wall synthesis
Polysome formation - Answers Yields a high quantity of polypeptide in a short time interval
Divisome - Answers Protein complex that mediates the formation of the septum
FtsZ - Answers Cytoskeleton element that determines the cell diameter and is required for proper cell
division
nanotubules - Answers Cell envelope extensions connecting the cytoplasm between cells
nucleiod - Answers Lacks a nuclear membrane
ori sequence - Answers Is duplicated very early during the initial stage of DNA replication
carboxysome - Answers is Fresh source of water, photosynthetic or lithotrophic
Polysome formation - Answers can be done in bacteria because they lack a nuclear membrane
Bacterial movement - Answers Flagellum, flagella, Pili, Gas Vacuoles, Magnetosomes
Gas vacuoles - Answers suspension in water; depth adjustment
Bidirectional replication - Answers replication of single chromosome by using 2 replisomes that each
contain 2 DNA polymerase enzymes
Motile bacterium - Answers exhibiting an overabundance of tumbles and a low frequency of runs is
likely not to be in the presence of chemoattractant
Rod-Shaped bacteria (Bacilli) - Answers are NOT symmetrical in terms of chemical & physical
structure at both ends (poles)
Lipoprotein - Answers Attaches the peptidoglycan to the membrane in Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria - Answers More likely to tolerate excessive osmotic pressure conditions
Archeal cell wall - Answers Pseudomurien
DNA, RNA, protien - Answers compromises about 25% of the cell weight of a bacterial cell
Microbes - Answers -Archaea is an extremophile
-Viruses require host to replicate
Types of microbes - Answers viruses, algae, archaea
Periplasm - Answers found only in the cell of gram-negative bacteria
Ether-linked lipids - Answers found in some Archaea
Ion gradients - Answers storage of potential energy
Louis Pasteur - Answers -microbes are responsible for chemical process of wine (fermentation)
-Microbial growth & metabolism still occur with lack of O2
-Formation of acetic acid due to contaminating microbes
Cell layers of bacteria cells - Answers -lipoprotein
-S Layer
-capsule
-LPS layer
-Teichoic acids
Pure culture - Answers identification of microbial types in the environment sample could have been
done without culturing anything
Suspected dx-causing microbe - Answers -
-
is not consistent with one or more of Kochs postulates
Capsule - Answers aids in avoiding phagocytosis for pathogens
Penicillin - Answers most effective on a bacterial population that is growing rapidly
MreB - Answers Cytoskeleton element found in rod-shaped bacteria; facilitates cell wall synthesis
Polysome formation - Answers Yields a high quantity of polypeptide in a short time interval
Divisome - Answers Protein complex that mediates the formation of the septum
FtsZ - Answers Cytoskeleton element that determines the cell diameter and is required for proper cell
division
nanotubules - Answers Cell envelope extensions connecting the cytoplasm between cells
nucleiod - Answers Lacks a nuclear membrane
ori sequence - Answers Is duplicated very early during the initial stage of DNA replication
carboxysome - Answers is Fresh source of water, photosynthetic or lithotrophic
Polysome formation - Answers can be done in bacteria because they lack a nuclear membrane
Bacterial movement - Answers Flagellum, flagella, Pili, Gas Vacuoles, Magnetosomes
Gas vacuoles - Answers suspension in water; depth adjustment
Bidirectional replication - Answers replication of single chromosome by using 2 replisomes that each
contain 2 DNA polymerase enzymes
Motile bacterium - Answers exhibiting an overabundance of tumbles and a low frequency of runs is
likely not to be in the presence of chemoattractant
Rod-Shaped bacteria (Bacilli) - Answers are NOT symmetrical in terms of chemical & physical
structure at both ends (poles)
