A&P 2 RESPIRATORY FINAL EXAM STUDY COMPANION: 350
MASTERY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COVERING
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PULMONARY VENTILATION,
OXYGEN-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION, AND ACID-BASE
IMBALANCES
1. What is the primary function of the respiratory bronchioles?
The first site of gas exchange
2. What type of cartilage is found in the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage
3. What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?
Create turbulent airflow
4. What structure contains the vocal cords?
Larynx
5. What is the pleura?
A double-layered membrane that covers the lungs
6. True or False: The lungs are elastic and have a tendency to recoil
inward.
True
7. True or False: Expansion of the chest cavity also causes the lungs to
expand.
True
,8. If pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure,
where will air flow?
Out of the lungs
9. Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?
The pressure inside the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure
10. Which statement is TRUE about compliance?
Restrictive lung disorders are characterized by decreased compliance
11. What is the most efficient way to increase alveolar ventilation?
Increase tidal volume
12. True or False: Patients with restrictive respiratory disorders have
decreased vital capacity but increased total lung capacity.
False
13. True or False: Pneumonia and pulmonary edema are examples of
restrictive respiratory disorders.
True
14. What are the normal partial pressures (in mmHg) of carbon
dioxide in arterial blood and oxygen in venous blood?
40 mmHg, 40 mmHg
15. Which factors would increase the diffusion rate of gases between
the alveoli and the blood?
Increased partial pressure gradient and increased ventilation-perfusion
coupling
16. What occurs in an alveolus to maximize gas exchange when there
is poor airflow to it?
Decreased O2 in the area causes vasoconstriction
,17. How is most oxygen transported in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin
18. How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
As bicarbonate
19. What happens to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve when
temperature decreases?
It shifts to the left, meaning oxygen is more easily loaded onto
hemoglobin
20. Why is carbon monoxide (CO) so deadly?
It prevents O2 from binding to hemoglobin
21. What is the phenomenon called where hemoglobin will unload
more O2 when acidity increases?
The Bohr effect
22. What happens when carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease?
The body will try to compensate by breathing more slowly
23. What occurs when hyperventilating?
Respiratory alkalosis will occur
24. True or False: In metabolic acidosis, central chemoreceptor firing
rate will increase to cause the ventilation rate to increase.
False
25. Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory
system?
Regulate blood Ca2+ levels
, 26. What structure creates turbulent airflow in the respiratory tract to
warm, cleanse, and humidify the air?
Nasal conchae
27. What type of cartilage makes up the C-shaped rings of the
trachea?
Hyaline cartilage
28. What structure contains the thyroid cartilage, glottis, and
vestibular folds?
Larynx
29. How many lobes does the left lung have, and how does its width
compare to the right?
2 lobes, narrower
30. What is the primary muscle of inspiration that separates the
thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
31. What is the formula for minute ventilation?
Tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate
32. What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after
a maximal exhalation?
Residual volume
33. What is the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a
maximal inspiration called?
Vital capacity
MASTERY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COVERING
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PULMONARY VENTILATION,
OXYGEN-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION, AND ACID-BASE
IMBALANCES
1. What is the primary function of the respiratory bronchioles?
The first site of gas exchange
2. What type of cartilage is found in the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage
3. What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?
Create turbulent airflow
4. What structure contains the vocal cords?
Larynx
5. What is the pleura?
A double-layered membrane that covers the lungs
6. True or False: The lungs are elastic and have a tendency to recoil
inward.
True
7. True or False: Expansion of the chest cavity also causes the lungs to
expand.
True
,8. If pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure,
where will air flow?
Out of the lungs
9. Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?
The pressure inside the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure
10. Which statement is TRUE about compliance?
Restrictive lung disorders are characterized by decreased compliance
11. What is the most efficient way to increase alveolar ventilation?
Increase tidal volume
12. True or False: Patients with restrictive respiratory disorders have
decreased vital capacity but increased total lung capacity.
False
13. True or False: Pneumonia and pulmonary edema are examples of
restrictive respiratory disorders.
True
14. What are the normal partial pressures (in mmHg) of carbon
dioxide in arterial blood and oxygen in venous blood?
40 mmHg, 40 mmHg
15. Which factors would increase the diffusion rate of gases between
the alveoli and the blood?
Increased partial pressure gradient and increased ventilation-perfusion
coupling
16. What occurs in an alveolus to maximize gas exchange when there
is poor airflow to it?
Decreased O2 in the area causes vasoconstriction
,17. How is most oxygen transported in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin
18. How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
As bicarbonate
19. What happens to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve when
temperature decreases?
It shifts to the left, meaning oxygen is more easily loaded onto
hemoglobin
20. Why is carbon monoxide (CO) so deadly?
It prevents O2 from binding to hemoglobin
21. What is the phenomenon called where hemoglobin will unload
more O2 when acidity increases?
The Bohr effect
22. What happens when carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease?
The body will try to compensate by breathing more slowly
23. What occurs when hyperventilating?
Respiratory alkalosis will occur
24. True or False: In metabolic acidosis, central chemoreceptor firing
rate will increase to cause the ventilation rate to increase.
False
25. Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory
system?
Regulate blood Ca2+ levels
, 26. What structure creates turbulent airflow in the respiratory tract to
warm, cleanse, and humidify the air?
Nasal conchae
27. What type of cartilage makes up the C-shaped rings of the
trachea?
Hyaline cartilage
28. What structure contains the thyroid cartilage, glottis, and
vestibular folds?
Larynx
29. How many lobes does the left lung have, and how does its width
compare to the right?
2 lobes, narrower
30. What is the primary muscle of inspiration that separates the
thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
31. What is the formula for minute ventilation?
Tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate
32. What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after
a maximal exhalation?
Residual volume
33. What is the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a
maximal inspiration called?
Vital capacity
