AP STUDY GUIDES EXAM WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS & VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE | ALREADY GRADED A+
Displacement (Δx) - ANSWER -Net change in position
-Measured in meters (m)
Δx = x(f) - x(i)
Velocity (v) - ANSWER -Speed and direction
-Measured in meters per second (m/s)
average v = Δx/t
Acceleration (a) - ANSWER -Rate of change of velocity w/ respect to time
-Measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2)
average a = Δv/t
Speeding up vs. Slowing Down - ANSWER -Speeding up occurs when velocity and acceleration have
the same sign
-Slowing down occurs when velocity and acceleration have opposite signs
Position vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Slope represents average velocity
-Object changes direction when graph crosses x-axis
Velocity vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Slope represents average acceleration
-Area represents displacement
Acceleration vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Area represents change in velocity
Scalars - ANSWER Quantities with only a size/magnitude (ex: speed, mass, length, temperature, time,
distance, energy, etc.)
Vectors - ANSWER Quantities with both a size and direction (ex: displacement, velocity, position,
acceleration, force, etc.)
, Projectile Motion - ANSWER -Horizontal and vertical components are independent of each other
-Complementary angles travel same horizontal distance
-Larger angles travel higher and spend more time in air, while smaller angles have greater horizontal
velocities
Force (F) - ANSWER -A push or pull
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Newton's 1st Law - ANSWER An object will move at a constant velocity in a frictionless, airless
vacuum unless another force is exerted on it
Inertia - ANSWER -property of an object that resists a change in motion
-measured in mass
Newton's 2nd Law - ANSWER Net force = mass x acceleration
Newton's 3rd Law - ANSWER Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Normal Force (Fn) - ANSWER A contact force between force between two hard surfaces
Weight - ANSWER -Force of gravity on an object
-Depends on mass of object and strength of gravitational field
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Mass - ANSWER -How much stuff an object is made of
-Mass is independent of location of object
-Measured in kilograms (kg)
Static Friction (Fs) - ANSWER Force that resists motion of two objects that are stationary relative to
one another
Fs (max) = Us x Fn
SOLUTIONS | 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE | ALREADY GRADED A+
Displacement (Δx) - ANSWER -Net change in position
-Measured in meters (m)
Δx = x(f) - x(i)
Velocity (v) - ANSWER -Speed and direction
-Measured in meters per second (m/s)
average v = Δx/t
Acceleration (a) - ANSWER -Rate of change of velocity w/ respect to time
-Measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2)
average a = Δv/t
Speeding up vs. Slowing Down - ANSWER -Speeding up occurs when velocity and acceleration have
the same sign
-Slowing down occurs when velocity and acceleration have opposite signs
Position vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Slope represents average velocity
-Object changes direction when graph crosses x-axis
Velocity vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Slope represents average acceleration
-Area represents displacement
Acceleration vs. Time Graph - ANSWER -Area represents change in velocity
Scalars - ANSWER Quantities with only a size/magnitude (ex: speed, mass, length, temperature, time,
distance, energy, etc.)
Vectors - ANSWER Quantities with both a size and direction (ex: displacement, velocity, position,
acceleration, force, etc.)
, Projectile Motion - ANSWER -Horizontal and vertical components are independent of each other
-Complementary angles travel same horizontal distance
-Larger angles travel higher and spend more time in air, while smaller angles have greater horizontal
velocities
Force (F) - ANSWER -A push or pull
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Newton's 1st Law - ANSWER An object will move at a constant velocity in a frictionless, airless
vacuum unless another force is exerted on it
Inertia - ANSWER -property of an object that resists a change in motion
-measured in mass
Newton's 2nd Law - ANSWER Net force = mass x acceleration
Newton's 3rd Law - ANSWER Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Normal Force (Fn) - ANSWER A contact force between force between two hard surfaces
Weight - ANSWER -Force of gravity on an object
-Depends on mass of object and strength of gravitational field
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Mass - ANSWER -How much stuff an object is made of
-Mass is independent of location of object
-Measured in kilograms (kg)
Static Friction (Fs) - ANSWER Force that resists motion of two objects that are stationary relative to
one another
Fs (max) = Us x Fn
