BIOL 252 Module | Human Anatomy &
Physiology II w/3 Exam 2026 | Questions with
Answers & Detailed Explanations Lab |
Learning | Latest Update Portage
📚 Section 1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Anatomy (Questions 1–40)
1. The heart is located in which cavity?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity (mediastinum)
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Cranial cavity
Answer: B
Explanation: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum—the
central compartment of the thoracic cavity between the lungs. It sits slightly to the left of the
midline, with the apex pointing downward and to the left .
, 2. What is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Answer: C
Explanation: The heart wall has three layers: the epicardium (outermost layer, also the
visceral layer of the serous pericardium), the myocardium (middle, muscular layer), and the
endocardium (innermost layer lining the chambers). The pericardium is the protective sac
surrounding the heart .
3. The muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction is the:
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Myocardium
D) Pericardium
Answer: C
Explanation: The myocardium is the thick, middle layer of the heart wall composed of
cardiac muscle tissue. It is responsible for the contractile force of the heart. The
endocardium lines the chambers; the epicardium is the outer layer .
, 4. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Right ventricle
Answer: C
Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior
and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. It then pumps blood into the right ventricle,
which sends it to the lungs for oxygenation .
5. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Right ventricle
Answer: B
Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta. It has
the thickest wall of all chambers because it must generate sufficient pressure to overcome
systemic vascular resistance and deliver blood to the entire body .
6. The tricuspid valve is located between which two chambers?
, A) Left atrium and left ventricle
B) Right atrium and right ventricle
C) Left ventricle and aorta
D) Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Answer: B
Explanation: The tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) is located between the right
atrium and the right ventricle. It prevents backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium
during ventricular contraction .
7. The mitral (bicuspid) valve is located between which two chambers?
A) Right atrium and right ventricle
B) Left atrium and left ventricle
C) Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
D) Left ventricle and aorta
Answer: B
Explanation: The mitral (bicuspid) valve is the left atrioventricular valve, located between the
left atrium and left ventricle. It has two cusps and prevents backflow during ventricular
systole. The chordae tendineae attach to this valve to prevent prolapse .
8. The aortic valve prevents backflow of blood from the:
A) Aorta into the left ventricle
Physiology II w/3 Exam 2026 | Questions with
Answers & Detailed Explanations Lab |
Learning | Latest Update Portage
📚 Section 1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Anatomy (Questions 1–40)
1. The heart is located in which cavity?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity (mediastinum)
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Cranial cavity
Answer: B
Explanation: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum—the
central compartment of the thoracic cavity between the lungs. It sits slightly to the left of the
midline, with the apex pointing downward and to the left .
, 2. What is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Answer: C
Explanation: The heart wall has three layers: the epicardium (outermost layer, also the
visceral layer of the serous pericardium), the myocardium (middle, muscular layer), and the
endocardium (innermost layer lining the chambers). The pericardium is the protective sac
surrounding the heart .
3. The muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction is the:
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Myocardium
D) Pericardium
Answer: C
Explanation: The myocardium is the thick, middle layer of the heart wall composed of
cardiac muscle tissue. It is responsible for the contractile force of the heart. The
endocardium lines the chambers; the epicardium is the outer layer .
, 4. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Right ventricle
Answer: C
Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior
and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. It then pumps blood into the right ventricle,
which sends it to the lungs for oxygenation .
5. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Right ventricle
Answer: B
Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta. It has
the thickest wall of all chambers because it must generate sufficient pressure to overcome
systemic vascular resistance and deliver blood to the entire body .
6. The tricuspid valve is located between which two chambers?
, A) Left atrium and left ventricle
B) Right atrium and right ventricle
C) Left ventricle and aorta
D) Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Answer: B
Explanation: The tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) is located between the right
atrium and the right ventricle. It prevents backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium
during ventricular contraction .
7. The mitral (bicuspid) valve is located between which two chambers?
A) Right atrium and right ventricle
B) Left atrium and left ventricle
C) Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
D) Left ventricle and aorta
Answer: B
Explanation: The mitral (bicuspid) valve is the left atrioventricular valve, located between the
left atrium and left ventricle. It has two cusps and prevents backflow during ventricular
systole. The chordae tendineae attach to this valve to prevent prolapse .
8. The aortic valve prevents backflow of blood from the:
A) Aorta into the left ventricle
