TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th EDITION GOOLSBY CHAPTERS 1 - 22 | COMPLETE

TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT INTERPRETING
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bg FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th
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EDITION GOOLSBY CHAPTERS 1 - 22 | COMPLETE
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, ➢ Chapter1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or accurate answer:->s the question.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-makingis most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the followingis false?Toobtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic bg bg




B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading intothe patient’s statements
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3. Essential parts of a health historyinclude all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint bg




B. History of the present illness bg bg bg bg




C. Current vital signs bg bg




D. All of the above areessential historycomponents
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4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings bg bg bg bg bg




B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings bg bg




5. The followingis theleast reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations bg




B. Primaryreports of research bg bg




C. Estimation based on aprovider’s experience bg bg bg bg bg




D. Published meta-analyses bg




6. The following can be used toassist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithmpublished in a peer-reviewed journal article bg bg bg bg b g




B. Clinical practice guidelines b g b g




C. Evidence-based research bg




D. All of the above
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7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons withthe given condition will have anabnormal result
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B. Lowpercentage of persons with the givencondition will have an abnormal result
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C. Lowlikelihood ofnormal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above bg bg bg




8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthyindividuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Lowpercentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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9. Alikelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a: bg bg bg bg bg bg bg bg bg bg




A. Positive result is strongly associated with the sickness
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the sickness
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the sickness
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D. Negativeresult is weakly associated with absence of the sickness
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, 10. Which ofthe followingclinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling
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A. Clinical practice guideline bg bg




B. Clinical decision rule bg bg




C. Clinical algorithm bg




Chapter1:Clinicalreasoning, differentialdiagnosis, evidence-based practice,and symptom ana
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Accurate answer:-> Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE bg




1. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: B bg



Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making
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(similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable andpaired with
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fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare
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errors.
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2. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: D bg



To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, and ableto
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accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of
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uncertainty.
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3. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: C bg



Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
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4. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: D bg



While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall
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knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affectthe
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response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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5. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: C bg




Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analyses. Another source of
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statistics, the one that has been most widelyused and available for application tothe reasoning process, is the estimation based ona
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provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical
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reasoningis improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are alsoincreasinglybeing used todevelop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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6. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: D bg




To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources,
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such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properlyapplied.
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7. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: A bg




The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive,result. A
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high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
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8. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: B bg




The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater the
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specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target
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condition.
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9. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: A bg




The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and a
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negative result will be associated with a healthy person. Alikelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associated with the
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sickness; alikelihood ratioless than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of the sickness.
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10. ACCURATE ANSWER:->: B bg




Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evidence-based
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resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are met with
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regard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to certain
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situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
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POINTS: 1