Biology 1320 Exam 1-Texas state university
What are the 5 properties of Life? - ANSWER-a. Ability to process energy
b. Ability to reproduce
c. Carries its own instruction manual
d. Life is complex
e. Life responds to stimuli
5. • Know what an isotope is, and the difference between a stable isotope and a
radioisotope. - ANSWER-a. Isotopes have the same number of protons and
electrons but different numbers of neutrons
b. Stable, chemically the same as every other atom of the element, just with a
different number of neutrons
c. Radioisotope- Emitting radiation that changes its chemical structure
7. Know the difference between a generic atom and an ion. - ANSWER-a. An ion is
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or
more electrons.
What is meant by the principle of emergent properties. - ANSWER-a. it's the
property where living things become more and more complex as it goes from
cellular level (exp humans are made of cells
b. It's based on the concept that "the whole is greater than the composition of its
parts."
13. •Know the three major types of chemical bonding (ICH). Know what holds
atoms together with each type of bonding. - ANSWER-a. Ionic Bonds
i.One positive atom and one negative atom. Opposite charges attract the atoms
together.
b. Hydrogen bonds
i.Hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to oxygen of another
ii. A to T
iii. C to G
c. Covalent bonds
i.They are trying to attract electrons, the electrons are shared tightly between the
atoms. The force of attraction on the electrons is what holds them together
17. If I tell you that a compound is made up of only carbon and hydrogen, know
why it will not dissolve in water. - ANSWER-a. Because they are non-polar. They do
not have any electrons to share to bond with the water
18. • Know about acids and bases and what is meant by pH. Give examples of
substances with low, neutral, and high pH. - ANSWER-a. Acid: Compound that
, forms H+ ions in water
pH less than 7
b. Base: Compound that forms OH- in water
pH greater than 7
20. • Know why life is based on carbon and not silicon. Describe the properties of
carbon that make it the atom of life. - ANSWER-a. Carbon can form up to 4 stable
covalent bonds
b. Not based on silicon because:
i. Silicon molecules do not form rings
ii. Molecules made up of multiple silicon atoms are often unstable
23. • Know the four major groups of chemical building blocks within the cell
(CLAN). - ANSWER-a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Amino Acids
d. Nucleic Acid
24. Know the different types of carbohydrates: Simple sugars, disaccharides,
oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Know the difference between cellulose,
starch, glycogen, and chitin, and their roles in plant, animal, and fungal cells. -
ANSWER-i. Simple sugars: Short chain carbs, glucose, ribose, glycerol
ii. Disaccharides: 2 simple sugars bonded together
iii. Oligosaccharides: 3 or more simple sugars bonded together
iv. Poly: long chain of simple sugars bonded together (polymer)
v. Cellulose: Cell wall of plants
vi. Starch: Plant energy storage
vii. Glycogen: Animal energy storage
viii. Chitin: Cell wall of fungi
1. Animal skeletons
25. • Know the different types of lipids: Fatty acids, triglycerides (fats and oils),
phospholipids, and steroids. Know about dehydration synthesis, and why the
metabolizing of fat requires water. - ANSWER-a. Lipids are non polar and are made
up of most carbon and hydrogen
b. Fatty Acids-Acids with long chains of carbon and hydrogen
c. Triglycerides- Energy storage in cell
d. 3 Fatty acids bonded to glycerol
i. Fats: solids at room temperature
ii. Oils: Liquid at room temperature
e. Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids and one phosphate. One end of molecule is polar,
one end is non-polar
f. Steroids: Cell membrane of eukaryotes
g. Four fused carbon rings
Dehydration Synthesis: when monomers bind together to form polymers, they
release water as a byproduct
26. • Know about amino acids and proteins, and the different functions of proteins.
What are the 5 properties of Life? - ANSWER-a. Ability to process energy
b. Ability to reproduce
c. Carries its own instruction manual
d. Life is complex
e. Life responds to stimuli
5. • Know what an isotope is, and the difference between a stable isotope and a
radioisotope. - ANSWER-a. Isotopes have the same number of protons and
electrons but different numbers of neutrons
b. Stable, chemically the same as every other atom of the element, just with a
different number of neutrons
c. Radioisotope- Emitting radiation that changes its chemical structure
7. Know the difference between a generic atom and an ion. - ANSWER-a. An ion is
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or
more electrons.
What is meant by the principle of emergent properties. - ANSWER-a. it's the
property where living things become more and more complex as it goes from
cellular level (exp humans are made of cells
b. It's based on the concept that "the whole is greater than the composition of its
parts."
13. •Know the three major types of chemical bonding (ICH). Know what holds
atoms together with each type of bonding. - ANSWER-a. Ionic Bonds
i.One positive atom and one negative atom. Opposite charges attract the atoms
together.
b. Hydrogen bonds
i.Hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to oxygen of another
ii. A to T
iii. C to G
c. Covalent bonds
i.They are trying to attract electrons, the electrons are shared tightly between the
atoms. The force of attraction on the electrons is what holds them together
17. If I tell you that a compound is made up of only carbon and hydrogen, know
why it will not dissolve in water. - ANSWER-a. Because they are non-polar. They do
not have any electrons to share to bond with the water
18. • Know about acids and bases and what is meant by pH. Give examples of
substances with low, neutral, and high pH. - ANSWER-a. Acid: Compound that
, forms H+ ions in water
pH less than 7
b. Base: Compound that forms OH- in water
pH greater than 7
20. • Know why life is based on carbon and not silicon. Describe the properties of
carbon that make it the atom of life. - ANSWER-a. Carbon can form up to 4 stable
covalent bonds
b. Not based on silicon because:
i. Silicon molecules do not form rings
ii. Molecules made up of multiple silicon atoms are often unstable
23. • Know the four major groups of chemical building blocks within the cell
(CLAN). - ANSWER-a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Amino Acids
d. Nucleic Acid
24. Know the different types of carbohydrates: Simple sugars, disaccharides,
oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Know the difference between cellulose,
starch, glycogen, and chitin, and their roles in plant, animal, and fungal cells. -
ANSWER-i. Simple sugars: Short chain carbs, glucose, ribose, glycerol
ii. Disaccharides: 2 simple sugars bonded together
iii. Oligosaccharides: 3 or more simple sugars bonded together
iv. Poly: long chain of simple sugars bonded together (polymer)
v. Cellulose: Cell wall of plants
vi. Starch: Plant energy storage
vii. Glycogen: Animal energy storage
viii. Chitin: Cell wall of fungi
1. Animal skeletons
25. • Know the different types of lipids: Fatty acids, triglycerides (fats and oils),
phospholipids, and steroids. Know about dehydration synthesis, and why the
metabolizing of fat requires water. - ANSWER-a. Lipids are non polar and are made
up of most carbon and hydrogen
b. Fatty Acids-Acids with long chains of carbon and hydrogen
c. Triglycerides- Energy storage in cell
d. 3 Fatty acids bonded to glycerol
i. Fats: solids at room temperature
ii. Oils: Liquid at room temperature
e. Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids and one phosphate. One end of molecule is polar,
one end is non-polar
f. Steroids: Cell membrane of eukaryotes
g. Four fused carbon rings
Dehydration Synthesis: when monomers bind together to form polymers, they
release water as a byproduct
26. • Know about amino acids and proteins, and the different functions of proteins.
