BCHM 4360 Final Exam Questions and
Answers Verified Solutions Latest Update
2026/2027
Question:
Biochemical pathway epistasis rule.
Answer:
Upstream mutation is epistatic to downstream mutation.
Question:
Synthetic phenotype.
Answer:
Double mutant produces new phenotype not seen in single mutants.
Question:
Synthetic lethality.
Answer:
Two viable mutations become lethal when combined.
Question:
Pathway ordering using epistasis.
Answer:
Phenotype reveals gene order in biological pathway.
Question:
Genetic screen.
,Answer:
Experimental method used to identify genes responsible for a phenotype by analyzing mutants.
Question:
Forward genetic screen.
Answer:
Starts with phenotype and identifies the gene responsible.
Question:
Reverse genetic screen.
Answer:
Starts with a known gene and determines its phenotype after mutation.
Question:
Mutagenesis.
Answer:
Process of introducing mutations to generate genetic variation for screening.
Question:
Phenotype-based selection.
Answer:
Identifying mutants based on observable traits
Question:
Selection.
Answer:
Screen where only desired mutants surviveS
,Question:
Screen (vs selection).
Answer:
Requires examining individuals to find mutants rather than survival filtering.
Question:
Reporter gene.
Answer:
Gene producing measurable signal used to monitor gene activity.
Question:
CRISPR screen.
Answer:
High-throughput gene disruption using CRISPR to identify gene function.
Question:
Enhancer mutation.
Answer:
Mutation that increases severity of another mutation's phenotype
Question:
Suppressor mutation.
Answer:
Mutation occurs within same gene restoring function
Question:
Extragenic suppressor.
Answer:
, Mutation in different gene compensates for defect.
Question:
Bypass supressor.
Answer:
Mutation activates alternative pathway to restore phenotype.
Question:
Mutation.
Answer:
Change in DNA sequence
Question:
Loss-of-function mutation.
Answer:
Mutation that reduces or eliminates gene activity.
Question:
Typical inheritance of loss-of-function.
Answer:
Usually recessive because one functional allele is sufficient.
Question:
Haploinsufficiency.
Answer:
One functional copy is not enough for normal phenotype
Question:
Answers Verified Solutions Latest Update
2026/2027
Question:
Biochemical pathway epistasis rule.
Answer:
Upstream mutation is epistatic to downstream mutation.
Question:
Synthetic phenotype.
Answer:
Double mutant produces new phenotype not seen in single mutants.
Question:
Synthetic lethality.
Answer:
Two viable mutations become lethal when combined.
Question:
Pathway ordering using epistasis.
Answer:
Phenotype reveals gene order in biological pathway.
Question:
Genetic screen.
,Answer:
Experimental method used to identify genes responsible for a phenotype by analyzing mutants.
Question:
Forward genetic screen.
Answer:
Starts with phenotype and identifies the gene responsible.
Question:
Reverse genetic screen.
Answer:
Starts with a known gene and determines its phenotype after mutation.
Question:
Mutagenesis.
Answer:
Process of introducing mutations to generate genetic variation for screening.
Question:
Phenotype-based selection.
Answer:
Identifying mutants based on observable traits
Question:
Selection.
Answer:
Screen where only desired mutants surviveS
,Question:
Screen (vs selection).
Answer:
Requires examining individuals to find mutants rather than survival filtering.
Question:
Reporter gene.
Answer:
Gene producing measurable signal used to monitor gene activity.
Question:
CRISPR screen.
Answer:
High-throughput gene disruption using CRISPR to identify gene function.
Question:
Enhancer mutation.
Answer:
Mutation that increases severity of another mutation's phenotype
Question:
Suppressor mutation.
Answer:
Mutation occurs within same gene restoring function
Question:
Extragenic suppressor.
Answer:
, Mutation in different gene compensates for defect.
Question:
Bypass supressor.
Answer:
Mutation activates alternative pathway to restore phenotype.
Question:
Mutation.
Answer:
Change in DNA sequence
Question:
Loss-of-function mutation.
Answer:
Mutation that reduces or eliminates gene activity.
Question:
Typical inheritance of loss-of-function.
Answer:
Usually recessive because one functional allele is sufficient.
Question:
Haploinsufficiency.
Answer:
One functional copy is not enough for normal phenotype
Question:
