DAT Practice Test
enzymes feedback A) proteins that lower the activation energy and increase the rate of the
reaction
B) usually function with a _________ mechanism
plasma membrane cytoskeleton all cells have:
1) ________ __________ (which exhibits selective permeability)
2) a __________ contained within the cell's cytoplasm. Consists of microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
phospholipid bilayer cholesterol According to the fluid mosaic model, the cell memrbane consists of:
1) a __________ ________, which have has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas
2) contains ___________ and integral proteins
facilitated diffusion movement of particles down their concentration gradient (diffusion) with the
help of carrier proteins
active transport movement of particles against their concentration gradient with the help of
carrier proteins
endoplasmic reticulum 1) attachment sites for ribosomes
2) involved in protein and membrane synthesis,
3) formation of vesicles for transport. Exclusive to eukaryotes.
Golgi complex Warehouse of the cell, a place where proteins are packaged for shipment
Exclusive to eukaryotes.
ribosomes sites of protein synthesis aka where translation happens. present in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes have this
mitochondria mother A) site of cellular respiration; exclusive to eukaryotes
B) have folds called chitae to increase surface area
C) Have their own DNA that is passed down by the _________
plastids group of plant organelles that includes chloroplasts. Site of photosynthesis and
carb storage. Exclusive to plants
Centrioles A) cell center for microtubule formation
B) Exclusive to animals and make up a 9+3 pattern
C) Necessary for mitosis
cytokinesis cytoplasm division in animal cells following division of the nucleus; two distinct
cells are produced
isotonic two solutions with the same amount of solute are said to be __________
, DAT Practice Test
hypotonic in a ________ solution, a cell will swell and burst because water will move in
shrivel plasmolysis in a hypertonic solution, a cell will _______ because water will move out; this is
called _______
chemiosmosis energy produced by movement of H+ down a concentration gradient:
A) used in cellular respiration (electron transport chain)...and......
B) photosynthesis
sucrose starch cellulose A) the main solute transported by the phloem is ________
B) _______ is a polysaccharide also used as energy in plants
C) a plants cell wall is made up of __________
lipids triglycerides ________ are the chief means of energy storgage in animals.
They are organized as _________ (three fatty acids joined by ester linkages)
They store and release the most energy for their weight
glycolysis A) glucose and NAD+ --> 2 pyruvate and NADH
B) anaerobic
C) Occurs in the cytoplasm in all living cells (anaerobic and aerobic organisms)
Fermentation A) Comes after glycolysis if no oxygen is present
B) Produces NAD+ and 2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration A) comes after glycolysis if oxygen is present
B) involves the Krebs Cycle and electron transport; produces a net total of 36
ATP per glucose molecule
NADH 2 Krebs Cycle (2 turns) produces:
A) 6 ________
B) 2 FADH2
C) ___ ATP and CO2 byproduct
CO2 during the krebs cycle....
A) pyruvate is turned into acetyl-coA, which results in a release of ______ There
are two of these for every one glucose.
oxygen the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ___________, which
accepts the electrons from FADH and NADH
synthase the main enzyme of the electron transport chain is ATP ________ which produces
most of the ATP via movement of H+ down the concentration gradient
stomata pores in the surface of the leaf through which CO2 enters and O2 enters
, DAT Practice Test
stroma thylakoid A) _________ is the dense fluid within the chloroplast where CO2 is converted into
sugars (dark reactions)
B) Also contains _________ discs called which contain chlorophyll
chloroplast chlorophyll A) the ___________ is where photosynthesis occurs
B) _________ is the molecule that captures light energy and begins photosynthesis
light the first part of photosynthesis is made up of _________ reactions, which generate
ATP, oxygen (byproduct), and NADPH.
A) Consist of cyclic and non-cyclic reactions
1 A) cyclic-light reactions are conducted by photosystem ___ and contribute to
ATP production but do not produce NADPH
2 A) non-cyclic light reactions requires both photosystems and produces ATP,
NADPH, and O2
B) begins with excitation of chlorophyll in photosystem ____
Calvin 6 A) the NADPH and ATP produced during the light reactions are used to
complete photosynthesis in the _________ cycle, using carbon from CO2 to make
glucose
B) ____ turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to produce a glucose molecule
stroma the light reactions occur in the grana, while the dark reactions occur in the
_________
512 A) the phosphate group on nucleotide is attached to the ______ prime carbon
B) the nucleotide base is attached to the _______ prime carbon
C) Deoxyribose lacks a hydroxy group at the _____ prime carbon
degenerate since there are multiple codons to specify a single amino acid, the genetic
code is said to be __________
prokaryotic eukaryotic A) ___________ genes are polycistronic
B) _________ genes are monocistronic
prokaryotes A) __________ have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
B) do have ribosomes and cell walls made of peptidoglycans
, DAT Practice Test
eukaryotes cellulose chitin A) __________ have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and ribosomes.
B) Plant cells have cell walls made of _________
C) fungi have a cell wall made of ________
histones chromatin A) the nucleus contains the DNA genome complexed with proteins called
________ which are involved in packaging DNA.
B) DNA packaged with histones is called _________ and forms chromosomes
nucleolus a dense structure within the nucleus in which ribosomal (rRNA) synthesis
occurs is known as the _________
lysosome the ________ serves as the "stomach" of the cell, has an acidic pH and uses
hydrolytic enzymes
microbodies peroxisomes A) _______ can be characterizes as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
the two most common types are peroxisomes and glyoxysomes.
B) ___________ convert hyodrogen peroxide to water and diatomic oxygen.
vacuoles A) ________ are mebrane enclosed sacs within the cell. they are formed after
endocytosis and can fuse with a lysosome to digest their contents
microfilaments cell movement and support are maintained in part through the action of solid
rods composed of actin subunits, termed ____________
budding binary fission A)____________ involves an unequal division of the cytoplasm and asymmetrical
daughter cells
B) __________ ______________ is a form of asexual reproduction which results in equal
division of the cytoplasm and symmetrical daughter cells
conjugation ________ is one mechanism used by bacteria to move genes between cells
(bacteria sex)
gastrulation the formation and rearrangement of the three germ layers (endoderm,
mesoderm, ectoderm)
nervous the ectoderm develops into the skin, the ________ system, and the eyes, hair, and
teeth
mesoderm the __________ develops into the muscle, the skeleton, the circulatory system, the
kidney, and the gonads
endoderm the ___________ develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, and
the lining of the bladder, pancreas, and liver
mechanical _________ digestion involves chewing in the mouth, grinding in the gizzard, and
churning in the digestive tract
chemical _________ digestion involves enzymes that break down carbs (amylase), proteins
(pepsin), or lipids (lipase)
bile liver _______ is stored in the gall bladder prior to its release into the small intestine. H
owever, it is synthesized in the _______
enzymes feedback A) proteins that lower the activation energy and increase the rate of the
reaction
B) usually function with a _________ mechanism
plasma membrane cytoskeleton all cells have:
1) ________ __________ (which exhibits selective permeability)
2) a __________ contained within the cell's cytoplasm. Consists of microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
phospholipid bilayer cholesterol According to the fluid mosaic model, the cell memrbane consists of:
1) a __________ ________, which have has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas
2) contains ___________ and integral proteins
facilitated diffusion movement of particles down their concentration gradient (diffusion) with the
help of carrier proteins
active transport movement of particles against their concentration gradient with the help of
carrier proteins
endoplasmic reticulum 1) attachment sites for ribosomes
2) involved in protein and membrane synthesis,
3) formation of vesicles for transport. Exclusive to eukaryotes.
Golgi complex Warehouse of the cell, a place where proteins are packaged for shipment
Exclusive to eukaryotes.
ribosomes sites of protein synthesis aka where translation happens. present in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes have this
mitochondria mother A) site of cellular respiration; exclusive to eukaryotes
B) have folds called chitae to increase surface area
C) Have their own DNA that is passed down by the _________
plastids group of plant organelles that includes chloroplasts. Site of photosynthesis and
carb storage. Exclusive to plants
Centrioles A) cell center for microtubule formation
B) Exclusive to animals and make up a 9+3 pattern
C) Necessary for mitosis
cytokinesis cytoplasm division in animal cells following division of the nucleus; two distinct
cells are produced
isotonic two solutions with the same amount of solute are said to be __________
, DAT Practice Test
hypotonic in a ________ solution, a cell will swell and burst because water will move in
shrivel plasmolysis in a hypertonic solution, a cell will _______ because water will move out; this is
called _______
chemiosmosis energy produced by movement of H+ down a concentration gradient:
A) used in cellular respiration (electron transport chain)...and......
B) photosynthesis
sucrose starch cellulose A) the main solute transported by the phloem is ________
B) _______ is a polysaccharide also used as energy in plants
C) a plants cell wall is made up of __________
lipids triglycerides ________ are the chief means of energy storgage in animals.
They are organized as _________ (three fatty acids joined by ester linkages)
They store and release the most energy for their weight
glycolysis A) glucose and NAD+ --> 2 pyruvate and NADH
B) anaerobic
C) Occurs in the cytoplasm in all living cells (anaerobic and aerobic organisms)
Fermentation A) Comes after glycolysis if no oxygen is present
B) Produces NAD+ and 2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration A) comes after glycolysis if oxygen is present
B) involves the Krebs Cycle and electron transport; produces a net total of 36
ATP per glucose molecule
NADH 2 Krebs Cycle (2 turns) produces:
A) 6 ________
B) 2 FADH2
C) ___ ATP and CO2 byproduct
CO2 during the krebs cycle....
A) pyruvate is turned into acetyl-coA, which results in a release of ______ There
are two of these for every one glucose.
oxygen the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ___________, which
accepts the electrons from FADH and NADH
synthase the main enzyme of the electron transport chain is ATP ________ which produces
most of the ATP via movement of H+ down the concentration gradient
stomata pores in the surface of the leaf through which CO2 enters and O2 enters
, DAT Practice Test
stroma thylakoid A) _________ is the dense fluid within the chloroplast where CO2 is converted into
sugars (dark reactions)
B) Also contains _________ discs called which contain chlorophyll
chloroplast chlorophyll A) the ___________ is where photosynthesis occurs
B) _________ is the molecule that captures light energy and begins photosynthesis
light the first part of photosynthesis is made up of _________ reactions, which generate
ATP, oxygen (byproduct), and NADPH.
A) Consist of cyclic and non-cyclic reactions
1 A) cyclic-light reactions are conducted by photosystem ___ and contribute to
ATP production but do not produce NADPH
2 A) non-cyclic light reactions requires both photosystems and produces ATP,
NADPH, and O2
B) begins with excitation of chlorophyll in photosystem ____
Calvin 6 A) the NADPH and ATP produced during the light reactions are used to
complete photosynthesis in the _________ cycle, using carbon from CO2 to make
glucose
B) ____ turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to produce a glucose molecule
stroma the light reactions occur in the grana, while the dark reactions occur in the
_________
512 A) the phosphate group on nucleotide is attached to the ______ prime carbon
B) the nucleotide base is attached to the _______ prime carbon
C) Deoxyribose lacks a hydroxy group at the _____ prime carbon
degenerate since there are multiple codons to specify a single amino acid, the genetic
code is said to be __________
prokaryotic eukaryotic A) ___________ genes are polycistronic
B) _________ genes are monocistronic
prokaryotes A) __________ have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
B) do have ribosomes and cell walls made of peptidoglycans
, DAT Practice Test
eukaryotes cellulose chitin A) __________ have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and ribosomes.
B) Plant cells have cell walls made of _________
C) fungi have a cell wall made of ________
histones chromatin A) the nucleus contains the DNA genome complexed with proteins called
________ which are involved in packaging DNA.
B) DNA packaged with histones is called _________ and forms chromosomes
nucleolus a dense structure within the nucleus in which ribosomal (rRNA) synthesis
occurs is known as the _________
lysosome the ________ serves as the "stomach" of the cell, has an acidic pH and uses
hydrolytic enzymes
microbodies peroxisomes A) _______ can be characterizes as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
the two most common types are peroxisomes and glyoxysomes.
B) ___________ convert hyodrogen peroxide to water and diatomic oxygen.
vacuoles A) ________ are mebrane enclosed sacs within the cell. they are formed after
endocytosis and can fuse with a lysosome to digest their contents
microfilaments cell movement and support are maintained in part through the action of solid
rods composed of actin subunits, termed ____________
budding binary fission A)____________ involves an unequal division of the cytoplasm and asymmetrical
daughter cells
B) __________ ______________ is a form of asexual reproduction which results in equal
division of the cytoplasm and symmetrical daughter cells
conjugation ________ is one mechanism used by bacteria to move genes between cells
(bacteria sex)
gastrulation the formation and rearrangement of the three germ layers (endoderm,
mesoderm, ectoderm)
nervous the ectoderm develops into the skin, the ________ system, and the eyes, hair, and
teeth
mesoderm the __________ develops into the muscle, the skeleton, the circulatory system, the
kidney, and the gonads
endoderm the ___________ develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, and
the lining of the bladder, pancreas, and liver
mechanical _________ digestion involves chewing in the mouth, grinding in the gizzard, and
churning in the digestive tract
chemical _________ digestion involves enzymes that break down carbs (amylase), proteins
(pepsin), or lipids (lipase)
bile liver _______ is stored in the gall bladder prior to its release into the small intestine. H
owever, it is synthesized in the _______
