TEST BANK FOR
Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care. by Brian K.
Walsh 6th Edition, All Chapters| 100% Verified
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Developmenttest B Ank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which Of the Following Phases of human Lung Development Is Characterized By The Formationof A Capillary Network Around
Airway Passages?
Pseudoglandular
Saccular
Alveolar
Canalicular
ANS: D
The Canalicular Phase Follows The Pseudoglandular Phase, Lasting From Approximately 17 Weeks To 26 Weeks Of Gestation. This
Phase Is So Named Because Of The Appearance Of Vascularchannels, Or Capillaries, Which Begin To Grow By Forming A Capillary Network
Around The Air Passages. Durin G The Pseudoglandular Stage, Which Begins At day 52 And Extends To Week 16 Of Gestation, The Ai Rway
System Subdivides Extensively And The Conducting Airway System Develops, Ending With The T Erminal Bronchioles. The Saccular Stage Of
development, Which Takes place From Weeks 29 To 36 O F gestation, Is Characterized By The Development Of Sacs thatlater Become Alveoli.
During The Sacc Ular Phase, A Tremendous Increase In The Potential
Gas-
Exchanging Surface Area Occurs. The Distinction Between The Saccular Stage And The Alveolar S Tage Is Arbitrary. The Alveolar Stage
Stretches From 39 Weeks Of Gestation To Term.This Stage Is Represented By The Establishment Of Alveoli.
REF: Pp. 3-5
Regarding Postnatal Lung Growth, By Approximately What Age Do Most Of The Alveoli That Willbe Present In The Lungs For Life
Develop?
6 Months
1 Year
1.5 Years
2 Years
ANS:V C
Most Of The Postnatal Formation Of alveoli In The Infant occurs Over The First 1.5 Years Of Life. At 2 Years Of Age, The Number Of
Alveoli Variesvsubstantially Among Individuals. After 2 Yearsof Age, Males Have More Alveoli Than Do Females. After Alveolar Multiplication
Ends, The Alveoli Continue To Increase In Size Until Thoracic Growth Is Completed.
REF: P. 6
The Respiratory Therapist Is Evaluating A Newborn With Mild Respiratory Distress Due To Trachealste Nosis. During Which
Period Of lung Development Did This Problem Develop?
Embryonal
Saccular
Canalicular
Alveolar ANS: A
,The Initial Structures Of The Pulmonary Tree Develop During The Embryonal Stage. Errors In Develo Pment During This time May Result In
Laryngeal, Tracheal, Or Esophageal Atresia Or Stenosis. Pulmo Nary Hypoplasia, An Incomplete Development Of The Lungs Characterized By
Anabnormally Low N Umber And/Or Size Of Bronchopulmonary Segments And/Or Alveoli, Can Develop During The Pseu Doglandular Phase. If
The Fetus Is Born During The Canalicular Phase (I.E., prematurely), Severe Re Spiratory Distress Can Be Expected Because The Inadequately
Developed Airways, Along With Ins Ufficient And Immature Surfactant Production By Alveolar Type II Cells, Gives Rise To The Constellati
On Of Problems Known As Infant respiratory Distress Syndrome.
REF: P. 6
Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is (Are) Responsible For The Possible Association Betweenoligo Hydramnios And Lung
Hypoplasia?
Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism
Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall
Interference With Fetal Breathing
Failure To Produce Fetal Lung Liquid
I And III Only
II And III Only
I, II, And IV Only
II, iii, And IV Only
ANS:V D
Oligohydramnios, A Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Present For An Extended Period Of Time,
With Or Without Renal Anomtaleiess,Tisbava sns okcisateeld w
l iethr l. Ucn go m
hypoplasia. The Mechanismsvby Which Amniotic Flu Id Volume Influences Lung Growth Remain
Unclear. Possible Explanations For
Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Include Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall, Interference W Ith Fetal Breathing, Or
Failure To Produce Fetal Lung Liquid. These Clinical And Experimental Obser Vations Possibly Point To A Common Denominator, Lung
Stretch, As Being Amajor Growth Stimulant.
REF: Pp. 6-7
What Is the Purpose Of The Substance Secreted By The Type II Pneumocyte?
To Increase The Gas Exchange Surface Area
To Reduce Surface Tension
To Maintain Lung Elasticity
To Preserve The Volume Of The Amniotic Fluid
ANS:V B
The Primary Role Of Mammalian Surfactant Is To Lower The Surface Tension Within The Alveolus, Specif Ically At The Air–
Liquid Interface. This Allows the Delicate Structure Of The Alveolus To Expand When Filled With Air. W Ithout Surfactant, The Alveolus Remains
Collapsed Because Of Thehigh Surface Tension Of The Moist Al Veolar Surface. Surfactant Isvcomposed Predominantly Of An Intricate Blend
Of Phospholipids, neut Ral Lipids, And Proteins.
REF: P. 8
, Which Of The Following Tests of The Amniotic Fluid Have Been Shown To Be Sensitive Indicatorsof Lun G Maturity?
Levels Of Prednisone
Levels Of Epidermal Growth Factor
Levels Of Prostaglandins
Levels Of Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine
ANS:V D
Ofclinical Relevance During Late Gestation, Analysis Of Amniotic Fluid For The Concentration Ofphos Phatidylglycerol And
Phosphatidylcholine Has Been Shown To Be A Sensitive Indicator Of The State Of Fetal Lung Maturity.
REF: P. 8
Approximately How Much Fetal Lung Fluid Is Secreted Daily?
About 150 To 200 Ml
About 250 To 300 Ml
About 350 To 400 Ml
About 450 To 500 Ml ANS: B
Fetal Lungs Are Secretory Organs That Make Breathing-
Like Movements But Serve No Respiratory Function Before Birth. They Secrete About 250 To 300 Ml Of Liquid Per Day.
The Lung Bud Emerges From Which Of The Following Structures?
The Pharynx
The Foregut
The Mesenchyme
The Tubular Epithelium ANS: A
The Embryonal Phase Includes Primitive Lung Development And Is Generally Regarded To Encompass The First 2 Months Of Gestation.
The Lung Begins To Emerge As A Bud From The Pharynx 26 Days After Conception.
Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care. by Brian K.
Walsh 6th Edition, All Chapters| 100% Verified
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Developmenttest B Ank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which Of the Following Phases of human Lung Development Is Characterized By The Formationof A Capillary Network Around
Airway Passages?
Pseudoglandular
Saccular
Alveolar
Canalicular
ANS: D
The Canalicular Phase Follows The Pseudoglandular Phase, Lasting From Approximately 17 Weeks To 26 Weeks Of Gestation. This
Phase Is So Named Because Of The Appearance Of Vascularchannels, Or Capillaries, Which Begin To Grow By Forming A Capillary Network
Around The Air Passages. Durin G The Pseudoglandular Stage, Which Begins At day 52 And Extends To Week 16 Of Gestation, The Ai Rway
System Subdivides Extensively And The Conducting Airway System Develops, Ending With The T Erminal Bronchioles. The Saccular Stage Of
development, Which Takes place From Weeks 29 To 36 O F gestation, Is Characterized By The Development Of Sacs thatlater Become Alveoli.
During The Sacc Ular Phase, A Tremendous Increase In The Potential
Gas-
Exchanging Surface Area Occurs. The Distinction Between The Saccular Stage And The Alveolar S Tage Is Arbitrary. The Alveolar Stage
Stretches From 39 Weeks Of Gestation To Term.This Stage Is Represented By The Establishment Of Alveoli.
REF: Pp. 3-5
Regarding Postnatal Lung Growth, By Approximately What Age Do Most Of The Alveoli That Willbe Present In The Lungs For Life
Develop?
6 Months
1 Year
1.5 Years
2 Years
ANS:V C
Most Of The Postnatal Formation Of alveoli In The Infant occurs Over The First 1.5 Years Of Life. At 2 Years Of Age, The Number Of
Alveoli Variesvsubstantially Among Individuals. After 2 Yearsof Age, Males Have More Alveoli Than Do Females. After Alveolar Multiplication
Ends, The Alveoli Continue To Increase In Size Until Thoracic Growth Is Completed.
REF: P. 6
The Respiratory Therapist Is Evaluating A Newborn With Mild Respiratory Distress Due To Trachealste Nosis. During Which
Period Of lung Development Did This Problem Develop?
Embryonal
Saccular
Canalicular
Alveolar ANS: A
,The Initial Structures Of The Pulmonary Tree Develop During The Embryonal Stage. Errors In Develo Pment During This time May Result In
Laryngeal, Tracheal, Or Esophageal Atresia Or Stenosis. Pulmo Nary Hypoplasia, An Incomplete Development Of The Lungs Characterized By
Anabnormally Low N Umber And/Or Size Of Bronchopulmonary Segments And/Or Alveoli, Can Develop During The Pseu Doglandular Phase. If
The Fetus Is Born During The Canalicular Phase (I.E., prematurely), Severe Re Spiratory Distress Can Be Expected Because The Inadequately
Developed Airways, Along With Ins Ufficient And Immature Surfactant Production By Alveolar Type II Cells, Gives Rise To The Constellati
On Of Problems Known As Infant respiratory Distress Syndrome.
REF: P. 6
Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is (Are) Responsible For The Possible Association Betweenoligo Hydramnios And Lung
Hypoplasia?
Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism
Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall
Interference With Fetal Breathing
Failure To Produce Fetal Lung Liquid
I And III Only
II And III Only
I, II, And IV Only
II, iii, And IV Only
ANS:V D
Oligohydramnios, A Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Present For An Extended Period Of Time,
With Or Without Renal Anomtaleiess,Tisbava sns okcisateeld w
l iethr l. Ucn go m
hypoplasia. The Mechanismsvby Which Amniotic Flu Id Volume Influences Lung Growth Remain
Unclear. Possible Explanations For
Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Include Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall, Interference W Ith Fetal Breathing, Or
Failure To Produce Fetal Lung Liquid. These Clinical And Experimental Obser Vations Possibly Point To A Common Denominator, Lung
Stretch, As Being Amajor Growth Stimulant.
REF: Pp. 6-7
What Is the Purpose Of The Substance Secreted By The Type II Pneumocyte?
To Increase The Gas Exchange Surface Area
To Reduce Surface Tension
To Maintain Lung Elasticity
To Preserve The Volume Of The Amniotic Fluid
ANS:V B
The Primary Role Of Mammalian Surfactant Is To Lower The Surface Tension Within The Alveolus, Specif Ically At The Air–
Liquid Interface. This Allows the Delicate Structure Of The Alveolus To Expand When Filled With Air. W Ithout Surfactant, The Alveolus Remains
Collapsed Because Of Thehigh Surface Tension Of The Moist Al Veolar Surface. Surfactant Isvcomposed Predominantly Of An Intricate Blend
Of Phospholipids, neut Ral Lipids, And Proteins.
REF: P. 8
, Which Of The Following Tests of The Amniotic Fluid Have Been Shown To Be Sensitive Indicatorsof Lun G Maturity?
Levels Of Prednisone
Levels Of Epidermal Growth Factor
Levels Of Prostaglandins
Levels Of Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine
ANS:V D
Ofclinical Relevance During Late Gestation, Analysis Of Amniotic Fluid For The Concentration Ofphos Phatidylglycerol And
Phosphatidylcholine Has Been Shown To Be A Sensitive Indicator Of The State Of Fetal Lung Maturity.
REF: P. 8
Approximately How Much Fetal Lung Fluid Is Secreted Daily?
About 150 To 200 Ml
About 250 To 300 Ml
About 350 To 400 Ml
About 450 To 500 Ml ANS: B
Fetal Lungs Are Secretory Organs That Make Breathing-
Like Movements But Serve No Respiratory Function Before Birth. They Secrete About 250 To 300 Ml Of Liquid Per Day.
The Lung Bud Emerges From Which Of The Following Structures?
The Pharynx
The Foregut
The Mesenchyme
The Tubular Epithelium ANS: A
The Embryonal Phase Includes Primitive Lung Development And Is Generally Regarded To Encompass The First 2 Months Of Gestation.
The Lung Begins To Emerge As A Bud From The Pharynx 26 Days After Conception.
