Pediatric Cardiac Disorders Exam 2 Study Guide 2026 |
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. A pediatric patient diagnosed with a congenital heart defect is not
responding well to initial pharmacological treatment. What should be the next
step in management?
Refer the patient to a psychologist for behavioral therapy.
Discontinue all medications and monitor without intervention.
Increase the dosage of the current medication only.
Consider surgical interventions or reassess the pharmacological
treatment plan.
2. What is a common sign seen in coarctation of the aorta?
orthostatic hypotension
tachycardia
high BP above coarctation, low BP below
itchiness
3. SVT treatment - what do you try first?
Cards referral for medication or ablation
Beta blockers, anticoagulants, +/- synchronized cardioversion
ABC's, Bag mask ventilation, Non invasive positive pressure ventilation
Synchronized DC cardioversion
Vagal maneuvers and IV adenosine
4. A nurse is preparing for the admission of a child with a diagnosis of acute
stage Kawasaki disease. On assessment of the child, the nurse expects to
, note which clinical manifestation of the acute stage of the disease?
skin on hands and feet will peel
cough
Strawberry tongue - the tongue is bumpy, red with a white coating
and enlarged taste buds
temporary arthritis
5. Describe the significance of recognizing the clinical features of Kawasaki
disease in pediatric patients.
Recognizing the clinical features of Kawasaki disease is crucial for
early diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications such as
coronary artery aneurysms.
The clinical features of Kawasaki disease are not significant and often
resolve on their own.
Kawasaki disease primarily affects adults, making its recognition in
children less important.
The symptoms of Kawasaki disease are similar to those of the flu and
do not require special attention.
6. Describe the conditions that can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
High altitude can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in children.
Stress or energy output can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
Increased oxygen levels can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
Cold temperatures can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in children.
,7. If a newborn is diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, what would
be the most appropriate initial management strategy?
Immediate heart transplantation
Pharmacological treatment only
Monitoring without intervention
Surgical intervention
8. A nursing student is studying Kawasaki disease, also known as
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Which statement accurately
describes Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis that primarily
affects children and has an unknown cause
Kawasaki disease is a viral infection primarily affecting the
gastrointestinal tract.
Kawasaki disease is a congenital heart condition present at birth.
Kawasaki disease is an autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
9. What are the two options for treatment for coarctation of the aorta?
long segment stenosis and cardiac catheterization
short segment stenosis and patch placement
surgical repair and balloon angioplasty
balloon angioplasty and pharmacological tx
10. What is the purpose of an echocardiogram?
To monitor heart rate during exercise
, To measure blood pressure
To assess lung function
To study the structural and functional changes of the heart using
ultrasound
11. The primary goal in treatment cardiomyopathy:
Improve cardiac output
Adherence to the self-care program
Absence of complications
Increase activity
12. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a child who has just eaten. What
should the nurse do to ensure proper administration?
Wait to administer the medication until the child has not eaten for a
while.
Administer the medication immediately with food.
Dilute the medication in food before giving it.
Use a larger syringe for easier administration.
13. If a patient develops hypertension after surgical repair of coarctation of the
aorta, what nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Restrict all physical activity for the first week post-surgery.
Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Monitor blood pressure regularly and administer antihypertensive
medications as prescribed.
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. A pediatric patient diagnosed with a congenital heart defect is not
responding well to initial pharmacological treatment. What should be the next
step in management?
Refer the patient to a psychologist for behavioral therapy.
Discontinue all medications and monitor without intervention.
Increase the dosage of the current medication only.
Consider surgical interventions or reassess the pharmacological
treatment plan.
2. What is a common sign seen in coarctation of the aorta?
orthostatic hypotension
tachycardia
high BP above coarctation, low BP below
itchiness
3. SVT treatment - what do you try first?
Cards referral for medication or ablation
Beta blockers, anticoagulants, +/- synchronized cardioversion
ABC's, Bag mask ventilation, Non invasive positive pressure ventilation
Synchronized DC cardioversion
Vagal maneuvers and IV adenosine
4. A nurse is preparing for the admission of a child with a diagnosis of acute
stage Kawasaki disease. On assessment of the child, the nurse expects to
, note which clinical manifestation of the acute stage of the disease?
skin on hands and feet will peel
cough
Strawberry tongue - the tongue is bumpy, red with a white coating
and enlarged taste buds
temporary arthritis
5. Describe the significance of recognizing the clinical features of Kawasaki
disease in pediatric patients.
Recognizing the clinical features of Kawasaki disease is crucial for
early diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications such as
coronary artery aneurysms.
The clinical features of Kawasaki disease are not significant and often
resolve on their own.
Kawasaki disease primarily affects adults, making its recognition in
children less important.
The symptoms of Kawasaki disease are similar to those of the flu and
do not require special attention.
6. Describe the conditions that can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
High altitude can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in children.
Stress or energy output can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
Increased oxygen levels can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in
children.
Cold temperatures can trigger hypercyanotic blue spells in children.
,7. If a newborn is diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, what would
be the most appropriate initial management strategy?
Immediate heart transplantation
Pharmacological treatment only
Monitoring without intervention
Surgical intervention
8. A nursing student is studying Kawasaki disease, also known as
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Which statement accurately
describes Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis that primarily
affects children and has an unknown cause
Kawasaki disease is a viral infection primarily affecting the
gastrointestinal tract.
Kawasaki disease is a congenital heart condition present at birth.
Kawasaki disease is an autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
9. What are the two options for treatment for coarctation of the aorta?
long segment stenosis and cardiac catheterization
short segment stenosis and patch placement
surgical repair and balloon angioplasty
balloon angioplasty and pharmacological tx
10. What is the purpose of an echocardiogram?
To monitor heart rate during exercise
, To measure blood pressure
To assess lung function
To study the structural and functional changes of the heart using
ultrasound
11. The primary goal in treatment cardiomyopathy:
Improve cardiac output
Adherence to the self-care program
Absence of complications
Increase activity
12. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a child who has just eaten. What
should the nurse do to ensure proper administration?
Wait to administer the medication until the child has not eaten for a
while.
Administer the medication immediately with food.
Dilute the medication in food before giving it.
Use a larger syringe for easier administration.
13. If a patient develops hypertension after surgical repair of coarctation of the
aorta, what nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Restrict all physical activity for the first week post-surgery.
Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Monitor blood pressure regularly and administer antihypertensive
medications as prescribed.
