BIOS 235 FINAL EXAM ATHABASCA NEWEST VERSION 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTION AND CORRECT DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM VERIFIED
SOURCES RATED A GRADE.
_________ are folds that occur due to the gray matter of the cortex enlarging much faster
than the deeper white matter.
a. Sulci
b. Gyri
c. Fissures
d. Ventricles
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Gyri are the folds or ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex that occur because the
gray matter enlarges faster than the underlying white matter. Options A, C, and D are
incorrect because sulci are grooves, fissures are deep grooves, and ventricles are fluid-
filled spaces.
Which of the following is NOT a common arrangement of muscle fascicles?
a. Pennate
b. Triangular
c. Oval
d. Parallel
e. Fusiform
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Oval is not a recognized arrangement of muscle fascicles. Common arrangements
include pennate, triangular, parallel, and fusiform. Options A, B, D, and E are all valid
arrangements of muscle fascicles.
,Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to:
a. Remove a neurotransmitter
b. Stop a spatial summation
c. Continue a temporal summation
d. Inhibit a presynaptic potential
e. Excite a presynaptic potential
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft to terminate their action.
This occurs through diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and reuptake by cells. Options B,
C, D, and E are incorrect because they describe other neural processes.
When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of
action potentials occurs:
a. In the synaptic cleft
b. In the dendrites
c. At the trigger zone
d. In the neuron nucleus
e. In the neuroplasm
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The trigger zone (axon hillock) is where action potentials are generated when the
summed postsynaptic potentials reach threshold. Options A, B, D, and E are incorrect
because action potentials are generated at the axon hillock.
This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several
postsynaptic neurons.
a. Diverging circuit
b. Converging circuit
, c. Reverberating circuit
d. Parallel after-discharge circuit
e. Normal circuit
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A diverging circuit allows a single presynaptic neuron to influence many postsynaptic
neurons. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because converging circuits involve multiple
inputs, reverberating circuits involve feedback loops, and parallel after-discharge circuits
involve sequential stimulation.
Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising.
Rationale:
1. Improved physical performance: A flexible joint has the ability to move through a
greater range of motion, which improves performance.
2. Decreased risk of injury: Stretching decreases resistance in various soft tissues so there is
less likelihood of exceeding maximum tissue extensibility.
3. Reduced muscle soreness: Stretching can reduce some of the muscle soreness that
results after exercise.
4. Improved posture: Stretching can help realign soft tissues to improve and maintain
good posture.
Plasticity means:
a. Ability to regenerate after being damaged
b. Sending a signal through a converging circuit
c. Signal transmission at a synapse
d. Ability to change based on experience
e. Ability to stretch and recoil without damage
✔️ Correct Answer: D
, Rationale:
Neural plasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change and adapt based on
experience, learning, and environmental factors. Options A, B, C, and E are incorrect
because they describe other processes.
The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the:
a. Antagonist
b. Agonist
c. Synergist
d. Asynergist
e. Fixator
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific
movement. Options A, C, D, and E are incorrect because antagonists oppose movement,
synergists assist, and fixators stabilize.
This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more
efficiently.
a. Synergist
b. Agonist
c. Antagonist
d. Fixator
e. Secondary mover
✔️ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A fixator stabilizes the origin of the agonist muscle, allowing it to work more efficiently.
Options A, B, C, and E are incorrect because synergists assist movement, agonists are
prime movers, antagonists oppose movement, and secondary movers are not a
recognized category.
QUESTION AND CORRECT DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM VERIFIED
SOURCES RATED A GRADE.
_________ are folds that occur due to the gray matter of the cortex enlarging much faster
than the deeper white matter.
a. Sulci
b. Gyri
c. Fissures
d. Ventricles
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Gyri are the folds or ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex that occur because the
gray matter enlarges faster than the underlying white matter. Options A, C, and D are
incorrect because sulci are grooves, fissures are deep grooves, and ventricles are fluid-
filled spaces.
Which of the following is NOT a common arrangement of muscle fascicles?
a. Pennate
b. Triangular
c. Oval
d. Parallel
e. Fusiform
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Oval is not a recognized arrangement of muscle fascicles. Common arrangements
include pennate, triangular, parallel, and fusiform. Options A, B, D, and E are all valid
arrangements of muscle fascicles.
,Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to:
a. Remove a neurotransmitter
b. Stop a spatial summation
c. Continue a temporal summation
d. Inhibit a presynaptic potential
e. Excite a presynaptic potential
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft to terminate their action.
This occurs through diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and reuptake by cells. Options B,
C, D, and E are incorrect because they describe other neural processes.
When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of
action potentials occurs:
a. In the synaptic cleft
b. In the dendrites
c. At the trigger zone
d. In the neuron nucleus
e. In the neuroplasm
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The trigger zone (axon hillock) is where action potentials are generated when the
summed postsynaptic potentials reach threshold. Options A, B, D, and E are incorrect
because action potentials are generated at the axon hillock.
This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several
postsynaptic neurons.
a. Diverging circuit
b. Converging circuit
, c. Reverberating circuit
d. Parallel after-discharge circuit
e. Normal circuit
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A diverging circuit allows a single presynaptic neuron to influence many postsynaptic
neurons. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because converging circuits involve multiple
inputs, reverberating circuits involve feedback loops, and parallel after-discharge circuits
involve sequential stimulation.
Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising.
Rationale:
1. Improved physical performance: A flexible joint has the ability to move through a
greater range of motion, which improves performance.
2. Decreased risk of injury: Stretching decreases resistance in various soft tissues so there is
less likelihood of exceeding maximum tissue extensibility.
3. Reduced muscle soreness: Stretching can reduce some of the muscle soreness that
results after exercise.
4. Improved posture: Stretching can help realign soft tissues to improve and maintain
good posture.
Plasticity means:
a. Ability to regenerate after being damaged
b. Sending a signal through a converging circuit
c. Signal transmission at a synapse
d. Ability to change based on experience
e. Ability to stretch and recoil without damage
✔️ Correct Answer: D
, Rationale:
Neural plasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change and adapt based on
experience, learning, and environmental factors. Options A, B, C, and E are incorrect
because they describe other processes.
The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the:
a. Antagonist
b. Agonist
c. Synergist
d. Asynergist
e. Fixator
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific
movement. Options A, C, D, and E are incorrect because antagonists oppose movement,
synergists assist, and fixators stabilize.
This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more
efficiently.
a. Synergist
b. Agonist
c. Antagonist
d. Fixator
e. Secondary mover
✔️ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A fixator stabilizes the origin of the agonist muscle, allowing it to work more efficiently.
Options A, B, C, and E are incorrect because synergists assist movement, agonists are
prime movers, antagonists oppose movement, and secondary movers are not a
recognized category.
