NURS 221 EXAM 1 2026/2027 | NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
Describe what nursing is? - ✔✔Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, and alleviation of suffering the diagnosis
and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups,
communities, and populations.
Discuss the how of nursing? - ✔✔includes the ways, means, methods, and manner of nursing.
Ways - ✔✔5 core competencies:
-patient centered care
-evidence based practice
-inter-professional collaboration
-use of informatics
-continuous QI
Means - ✔✔Evidence based practice. (always use this)
Methods - ✔✔Communication and teamwork
Manner - ✔✔code of ethics as a guide
Discuss the art of nursing? - ✔✔emphasizes caring. It is not just an emotion, concern, attitude or
benevolent desire. It is about the values, knowledge, caring actions acceptance of consequences, a will,
and a commitment to care.
Science of nursing? - ✔✔means to use standards of practice and the nursing scientific body of
evidence.
Know - ✔✔Understand the disease, find effective therapies, and then ensure the therapies are
delivered effectively.
Describe the core aspects of a profession. - ✔✔A profession requires professional preparation (as
opposed to an occupation) and takes place in a higher institution of learning such as a university. It
requires a specific and unique body of knowledge. It has an affiliation with a professional organization
with ethical codes and licensing. It poses an orientation towards a service and specific education
guidelines.
Discuss professional boundaries. - ✔✔the spaces between the nurse's power and the patient's
vulnerability. Nurses have power because of their professional position and access to sensitive personal
information. Nurses should make every effort to respect the power imbalance and ensure a patient-
centered relationship.
Explain the foundation of the Social Trust between Nursing and Society. - ✔✔Nursing has been voted
the most trustworthy profession. Society's contract with nursing: provide healthcare to society.
, Social Contract - ✔✔a general social arrangement between groups
What is expected of the Nurse with society? - ✔✔includes caring service, knowledge and competence,
responsibility and accountability, ethical practice, and promotion of the health of the public
Nursing Contract with society? - ✔✔Set standards of practice and education. Nurses expect autonomy
of practice, respect, workforce sustainability, and protection in hazardous service.
Scope and Standards of Practice - ✔✔Guides nurses to accomplish the definition of nursing above. It is
comprised of the standards of practice (1-6) and the standards of professional performance (7-17). these
standards of practice describe a component level of nursing practice demonstrated through the nursing
process.
Standards 1-6 - ✔✔1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Outcomes/Identification
4. Planning
5.Implementation
6. Evaluation
Standards of professional performance - ✔✔describe a competent level of behavior in the profession
role
Standards 7-17 - ✔✔7. Ethics
8. Culturally Congruent Practice
9. Communication
10. Collaboration
11. Leadership
12. Education
13. Evidence-based practice and research
14. Quality of Practice
15. Professional practice evaluation
16. Resource Utilization
17. Environmental Health
CA Nursing Practice Act - ✔✔Is the California law that mandates the Board to set out the scope of
practice and responsibilities for RNs and includes the following:
- provide clear legal authority for functions and procedures that have common acceptance and usage
-Recognize the overlapping functions between the physician and RN and to permit additional sharing of
functions.
Nurses help with.. - ✔✔basic health care that includes helping people cope with difficulties of daily
living associated with health/illness. This will require a substantial amount of knowledge or skill. It
includes direct and indirect patient care that includes:
1. ensuring the safety, comfort, personal hygiene and protection of patients.
2. administering meds and therapeutic agents.
ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
Describe what nursing is? - ✔✔Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, and alleviation of suffering the diagnosis
and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups,
communities, and populations.
Discuss the how of nursing? - ✔✔includes the ways, means, methods, and manner of nursing.
Ways - ✔✔5 core competencies:
-patient centered care
-evidence based practice
-inter-professional collaboration
-use of informatics
-continuous QI
Means - ✔✔Evidence based practice. (always use this)
Methods - ✔✔Communication and teamwork
Manner - ✔✔code of ethics as a guide
Discuss the art of nursing? - ✔✔emphasizes caring. It is not just an emotion, concern, attitude or
benevolent desire. It is about the values, knowledge, caring actions acceptance of consequences, a will,
and a commitment to care.
Science of nursing? - ✔✔means to use standards of practice and the nursing scientific body of
evidence.
Know - ✔✔Understand the disease, find effective therapies, and then ensure the therapies are
delivered effectively.
Describe the core aspects of a profession. - ✔✔A profession requires professional preparation (as
opposed to an occupation) and takes place in a higher institution of learning such as a university. It
requires a specific and unique body of knowledge. It has an affiliation with a professional organization
with ethical codes and licensing. It poses an orientation towards a service and specific education
guidelines.
Discuss professional boundaries. - ✔✔the spaces between the nurse's power and the patient's
vulnerability. Nurses have power because of their professional position and access to sensitive personal
information. Nurses should make every effort to respect the power imbalance and ensure a patient-
centered relationship.
Explain the foundation of the Social Trust between Nursing and Society. - ✔✔Nursing has been voted
the most trustworthy profession. Society's contract with nursing: provide healthcare to society.
, Social Contract - ✔✔a general social arrangement between groups
What is expected of the Nurse with society? - ✔✔includes caring service, knowledge and competence,
responsibility and accountability, ethical practice, and promotion of the health of the public
Nursing Contract with society? - ✔✔Set standards of practice and education. Nurses expect autonomy
of practice, respect, workforce sustainability, and protection in hazardous service.
Scope and Standards of Practice - ✔✔Guides nurses to accomplish the definition of nursing above. It is
comprised of the standards of practice (1-6) and the standards of professional performance (7-17). these
standards of practice describe a component level of nursing practice demonstrated through the nursing
process.
Standards 1-6 - ✔✔1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Outcomes/Identification
4. Planning
5.Implementation
6. Evaluation
Standards of professional performance - ✔✔describe a competent level of behavior in the profession
role
Standards 7-17 - ✔✔7. Ethics
8. Culturally Congruent Practice
9. Communication
10. Collaboration
11. Leadership
12. Education
13. Evidence-based practice and research
14. Quality of Practice
15. Professional practice evaluation
16. Resource Utilization
17. Environmental Health
CA Nursing Practice Act - ✔✔Is the California law that mandates the Board to set out the scope of
practice and responsibilities for RNs and includes the following:
- provide clear legal authority for functions and procedures that have common acceptance and usage
-Recognize the overlapping functions between the physician and RN and to permit additional sharing of
functions.
Nurses help with.. - ✔✔basic health care that includes helping people cope with difficulties of daily
living associated with health/illness. This will require a substantial amount of knowledge or skill. It
includes direct and indirect patient care that includes:
1. ensuring the safety, comfort, personal hygiene and protection of patients.
2. administering meds and therapeutic agents.
