International Health Law
Inhoudsopgave
International Health Law............................................................................................................................... 1
Literatuur..............................................................................................................................................................1
Week 1, Understanding Human Rights Frameworks.......................................................................................5
Lecture 1...............................................................................................................................................................6
Questions seminar 1.............................................................................................................................................7
Week 2, Right to Health............................................................................................................................... 10
Cases and Assigments working group Right to Health......................................................................................13
Week 3, Biomedicine and Human Rights...................................................................................................... 16
Cases and assignments Lecture 3.......................................................................................................................20
Week 4, Prison Care, health care behind bars and IHR Law...........................................................................21
Cases & assignments Lecture Prisoners and health care access........................................................................27
Week 4b, (Migrant) Children’s right to health...............................................................................................29
Week 5, Disabled persons and the Right to Health........................................................................................ 32
Group assignment Disabled persons..................................................................................................................35
Week 6, Repro rights.................................................................................................................................... 36
Cases and assignments repro rights..................................................................................................................43
Week 7, European Social Charter (ESC)......................................................................................................... 44
Cases and assignments 7................................................................................................................................46
Exam...................................................................................................................................................................48
Literatuur
Week 1
,Treaties:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
General Comments:
- United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment 31 of 2004 on the nature of the
legal obligations imposed on states
- United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment 29 of 2001 on Article 4
Derogations during a state of emergency
- United Nations Human Rights Committee General Comment 24 of 1994 on Reservations
- United Nations Human Rights Committee General Comment 26 of 1997 on Continuity of
Obligations
Articles, book chapters etc:
- M. Buijsen, ‘Human Dignity and the Concept of Health law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European
Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 3-24.
- E. Riedel, ‘Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, in C. Krause and M. Scheinin (eds.)
International Protection of Human Rights: A Textbook, Åbo Akademi University Institute for
Human Rights, Turku 2009, p. 129-149. (Canvas) as pdf-file
- André den Exter, Paula Lobato Faria, João V Cordeiro, ‘Adoption of the First Global Pandemic
Agreement: Advancing Preparedness for Future Public Health Emergencies’ (editorial), Port. J
Public Health (2025) June 20, doi: 10.1159/000546833.
Week 2
Treaties etc:
- Article 25 UDHR
- Article 12 ICESCR
- General Comment 14, The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health, 2000
- Article 7 to 10 and 13 ILO C130 Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention
- Article 5 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
- Article 28 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families
- Article 14 Universal Declaration Bioethics UNESC
- World Medical Association Statement on Access to Health Care
- Article 16 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
Articles, book chapters etc:
- A. den Exter, ‘The Right to health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 107-132.
- K. Syrett, ‘Healthcare rationing and the Law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 173-196.
- P. Hunt, ‘Interpreting the International Right to Health in a Human Rights-Based Approach to
Health’, Papers in Press 2016. This article can be found at
https://www.hhrjournal.org/2016/12/interpreting-the-international-right-to- health-in-a-
human-rights-based-approach-to-health/
- B. Rumbold et.al., ‘Universal Health Coverage, Priority Setting, and the Human Right to
Health’, in The Lancet 2017 (390), p. 712-714. This article can be found at
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30931-5/fulltext
- A. den Exter, View. The Dutch Critical Care Triage Guideline, Eur.J.Health Law 2020 (495-498)
- A. den Exter, ‘Covid-19: the inequality virus. Towards a more fair and equal
- allocation of vaccines’, book contribution Thessaloniki Press 2023, p. 1-15
,Lecture 3, The Right to Health Care in European Human Rights Law (1) The Biomedicine/Oviedo
Convention
Treaties:
- Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard
to the Application of Biology and Medicine (Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine)
- Explanatory report to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine Original versions of
these documents can be found at
https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/164 and
https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?docu
mentId=09000016800ccde5
Articles, book chapters:
- A. Garwood-Gowers & S. Olsena, ‘Informed Consent’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health
Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 245-272.
- D. Sprumont, P. Borry & M. Shabani, ‘Genetic Testing in Europe. An Overview of the Legal
Framework’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland:
MAKLU 2017, p. 365-388.
- A. Garwood-Gowers & A. Pereira, ‘Organ and Tissue Human-Human Transplantation’, in A.
den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 391-
418.
- R. Sandland & P. Lobato de Faria, ‘Patients’ Duties: The Missing Element in European
Healthcare Law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland:
MAKLU 2017, p. 599-619.
- A. den Exter, Mandatory Vaccination in Child Daycare and Its Relevance to COVID-19, Port J
Public Health, 26 July 2021 https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/mandatory-vaccination-in-
child-daycare-and-its-relevance-to-covid
- A. den Exter, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE AND THE OVIEDO CONVENTION, in
Medical Law, https://doi.org/10.25040/medicallaw2022.02.009
Lecture 4, Lecture and Seminar Vulnerable groups (1) Prisoners, Children, Elderly, Health and Human
Rights
Treaties etc:
- Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners:
https://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/UN_Standard_Minimum_Rules_for
_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners.pdf
- CoE. Recommendation Rec(2006)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the
European Prison Rules https://rm.coe.int/09000016809ee581
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). An English version of this treaty can be found at:
http://www.ohchr.org
- General Comment No 15 (2013) on The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of health (art. 24). This document can be found at:
https://www.refworld.org/docid/51ef9e134.html
- General Comment No 4 (2003) on Adolescent health and development in the context of the
CRC. This document can be found at
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WRGS/Health/GC4.pdf
- Parliamentary Assembly, Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development
Rapporteur: Lord George FOULKES, Human rights of older persons and their comprehensive
care, Report 9 May 2017 https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?
fileid=23767&lang=en
Rulings:
- Kudla v Poland (ECHR 26 October 2000, app. no 30210/96)
, - Melnik v Ukraine (ECHR 28 March 2006, app. no 72286/01)
- Dickson v UK (ECHR 4 December 2007, app. no 44362/04)
- Rooman v. Belgium ([GC], ECHR 31 January 2019, app. no. 18052/11
- M.A.K. and R.K. v UK (ECHR 23 March 2010, app. no. 45901/05, 40146/06)
Articles, book chapters:
- P. Jacobs, ‘Health Care in Prison’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 561-577.
- C. Adolphsen, ‘Children and Health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health
Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 541-559.
D. Touwen & A. Hendriks, ‘Ageing & Health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 517-539.
Lecture 5, Vulnerable groups (2) Disabled, Health and Human Rights
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This document can be found at
https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on- the-rights-of-persons-
with-disabilities.html
- Infosheet no.2, WHO Promoting the rights of people with mental disabilities. This document
can be found at:
https://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/How_to_promote_rights_English.p df?ua=1
- Draft Additional Protocol concerning the protection of human rights and dignity of persons
with mental disorder with regard to involuntary placement and involuntary treatment, as
revised by the 13th DH-BIO (Strasbourg, 23 – 25 May 2018) https://rm.coe.int/inf-2018-7-
psy-draft-prot-e/16808c58a3
Articles, book chapters:
- J. McHale, ‘Mental Health and the ECHR: Human Rights Framing and Changing’, in A. den
Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 293-308.
Rulings:
- Nielsen v Denmark (ECHR 23 November 1988, app. no 10929/84)
- L.R. v. North Macedonia (ECtHR 20 May 2020, application no. 38067/15)
- Varbanov v. Bulgaria (ECtHR 5 October 2000, application no. 31365/96)
- Aggerholm v Denmark (ECtHR 15 September 2020 (no. 45439/18)
- VI v Moldova (no. 38963/18) https://strasbourgobservers.com/2024/07/05/systemic-
discrimination-of-intellectually-disabled-children-v-i-v-moldova-paves-the-way/
Lecture 6, Vulnerable groups (3) Women, Health and Human Rights
Treaties etc:
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
An English version of this treaty can be found at: http://www.ohchr.org
General Comments etc:
- General Recommendation 24 on Women and health. This document can be found at
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm
Rulings:
- Evans v UK (ECHR 10 April 2007, app. no 6339/05)
- V.C v Slovakia (ECHR 8 November, app. no 18968/07)
- A, B and C v Ireland (ECHR 16 December 2010, app. no 25579/05)
Articles, book chapters:
- E. Kismödi, ‘European Sexual and Reproductive Health Law and Human Rights’, in A. den
Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 621-646.
- J. Rothmar Herrmann, ‘The Human Embryo and Foetus’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European
Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 201-216.
- A. den Exter, Obstetric Violence: Sterilisation without Consent. The Case of Y.P. v. Russian
Federation, EJHL (2023) 1-10
Inhoudsopgave
International Health Law............................................................................................................................... 1
Literatuur..............................................................................................................................................................1
Week 1, Understanding Human Rights Frameworks.......................................................................................5
Lecture 1...............................................................................................................................................................6
Questions seminar 1.............................................................................................................................................7
Week 2, Right to Health............................................................................................................................... 10
Cases and Assigments working group Right to Health......................................................................................13
Week 3, Biomedicine and Human Rights...................................................................................................... 16
Cases and assignments Lecture 3.......................................................................................................................20
Week 4, Prison Care, health care behind bars and IHR Law...........................................................................21
Cases & assignments Lecture Prisoners and health care access........................................................................27
Week 4b, (Migrant) Children’s right to health...............................................................................................29
Week 5, Disabled persons and the Right to Health........................................................................................ 32
Group assignment Disabled persons..................................................................................................................35
Week 6, Repro rights.................................................................................................................................... 36
Cases and assignments repro rights..................................................................................................................43
Week 7, European Social Charter (ESC)......................................................................................................... 44
Cases and assignments 7................................................................................................................................46
Exam...................................................................................................................................................................48
Literatuur
Week 1
,Treaties:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
General Comments:
- United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment 31 of 2004 on the nature of the
legal obligations imposed on states
- United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment 29 of 2001 on Article 4
Derogations during a state of emergency
- United Nations Human Rights Committee General Comment 24 of 1994 on Reservations
- United Nations Human Rights Committee General Comment 26 of 1997 on Continuity of
Obligations
Articles, book chapters etc:
- M. Buijsen, ‘Human Dignity and the Concept of Health law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European
Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 3-24.
- E. Riedel, ‘Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, in C. Krause and M. Scheinin (eds.)
International Protection of Human Rights: A Textbook, Åbo Akademi University Institute for
Human Rights, Turku 2009, p. 129-149. (Canvas) as pdf-file
- André den Exter, Paula Lobato Faria, João V Cordeiro, ‘Adoption of the First Global Pandemic
Agreement: Advancing Preparedness for Future Public Health Emergencies’ (editorial), Port. J
Public Health (2025) June 20, doi: 10.1159/000546833.
Week 2
Treaties etc:
- Article 25 UDHR
- Article 12 ICESCR
- General Comment 14, The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health, 2000
- Article 7 to 10 and 13 ILO C130 Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention
- Article 5 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
- Article 28 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families
- Article 14 Universal Declaration Bioethics UNESC
- World Medical Association Statement on Access to Health Care
- Article 16 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
Articles, book chapters etc:
- A. den Exter, ‘The Right to health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 107-132.
- K. Syrett, ‘Healthcare rationing and the Law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 173-196.
- P. Hunt, ‘Interpreting the International Right to Health in a Human Rights-Based Approach to
Health’, Papers in Press 2016. This article can be found at
https://www.hhrjournal.org/2016/12/interpreting-the-international-right-to- health-in-a-
human-rights-based-approach-to-health/
- B. Rumbold et.al., ‘Universal Health Coverage, Priority Setting, and the Human Right to
Health’, in The Lancet 2017 (390), p. 712-714. This article can be found at
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30931-5/fulltext
- A. den Exter, View. The Dutch Critical Care Triage Guideline, Eur.J.Health Law 2020 (495-498)
- A. den Exter, ‘Covid-19: the inequality virus. Towards a more fair and equal
- allocation of vaccines’, book contribution Thessaloniki Press 2023, p. 1-15
,Lecture 3, The Right to Health Care in European Human Rights Law (1) The Biomedicine/Oviedo
Convention
Treaties:
- Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard
to the Application of Biology and Medicine (Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine)
- Explanatory report to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine Original versions of
these documents can be found at
https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/164 and
https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?docu
mentId=09000016800ccde5
Articles, book chapters:
- A. Garwood-Gowers & S. Olsena, ‘Informed Consent’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health
Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 245-272.
- D. Sprumont, P. Borry & M. Shabani, ‘Genetic Testing in Europe. An Overview of the Legal
Framework’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland:
MAKLU 2017, p. 365-388.
- A. Garwood-Gowers & A. Pereira, ‘Organ and Tissue Human-Human Transplantation’, in A.
den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 391-
418.
- R. Sandland & P. Lobato de Faria, ‘Patients’ Duties: The Missing Element in European
Healthcare Law’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland:
MAKLU 2017, p. 599-619.
- A. den Exter, Mandatory Vaccination in Child Daycare and Its Relevance to COVID-19, Port J
Public Health, 26 July 2021 https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/mandatory-vaccination-in-
child-daycare-and-its-relevance-to-covid
- A. den Exter, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE AND THE OVIEDO CONVENTION, in
Medical Law, https://doi.org/10.25040/medicallaw2022.02.009
Lecture 4, Lecture and Seminar Vulnerable groups (1) Prisoners, Children, Elderly, Health and Human
Rights
Treaties etc:
- Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners:
https://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/UN_Standard_Minimum_Rules_for
_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners.pdf
- CoE. Recommendation Rec(2006)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the
European Prison Rules https://rm.coe.int/09000016809ee581
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). An English version of this treaty can be found at:
http://www.ohchr.org
- General Comment No 15 (2013) on The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of health (art. 24). This document can be found at:
https://www.refworld.org/docid/51ef9e134.html
- General Comment No 4 (2003) on Adolescent health and development in the context of the
CRC. This document can be found at
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WRGS/Health/GC4.pdf
- Parliamentary Assembly, Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development
Rapporteur: Lord George FOULKES, Human rights of older persons and their comprehensive
care, Report 9 May 2017 https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?
fileid=23767&lang=en
Rulings:
- Kudla v Poland (ECHR 26 October 2000, app. no 30210/96)
, - Melnik v Ukraine (ECHR 28 March 2006, app. no 72286/01)
- Dickson v UK (ECHR 4 December 2007, app. no 44362/04)
- Rooman v. Belgium ([GC], ECHR 31 January 2019, app. no. 18052/11
- M.A.K. and R.K. v UK (ECHR 23 March 2010, app. no. 45901/05, 40146/06)
Articles, book chapters:
- P. Jacobs, ‘Health Care in Prison’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 561-577.
- C. Adolphsen, ‘Children and Health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health
Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 541-559.
D. Touwen & A. Hendriks, ‘Ageing & Health Care’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European Health Law
Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 517-539.
Lecture 5, Vulnerable groups (2) Disabled, Health and Human Rights
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This document can be found at
https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on- the-rights-of-persons-
with-disabilities.html
- Infosheet no.2, WHO Promoting the rights of people with mental disabilities. This document
can be found at:
https://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/How_to_promote_rights_English.p df?ua=1
- Draft Additional Protocol concerning the protection of human rights and dignity of persons
with mental disorder with regard to involuntary placement and involuntary treatment, as
revised by the 13th DH-BIO (Strasbourg, 23 – 25 May 2018) https://rm.coe.int/inf-2018-7-
psy-draft-prot-e/16808c58a3
Articles, book chapters:
- J. McHale, ‘Mental Health and the ECHR: Human Rights Framing and Changing’, in A. den
Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 293-308.
Rulings:
- Nielsen v Denmark (ECHR 23 November 1988, app. no 10929/84)
- L.R. v. North Macedonia (ECtHR 20 May 2020, application no. 38067/15)
- Varbanov v. Bulgaria (ECtHR 5 October 2000, application no. 31365/96)
- Aggerholm v Denmark (ECtHR 15 September 2020 (no. 45439/18)
- VI v Moldova (no. 38963/18) https://strasbourgobservers.com/2024/07/05/systemic-
discrimination-of-intellectually-disabled-children-v-i-v-moldova-paves-the-way/
Lecture 6, Vulnerable groups (3) Women, Health and Human Rights
Treaties etc:
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
An English version of this treaty can be found at: http://www.ohchr.org
General Comments etc:
- General Recommendation 24 on Women and health. This document can be found at
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm
Rulings:
- Evans v UK (ECHR 10 April 2007, app. no 6339/05)
- V.C v Slovakia (ECHR 8 November, app. no 18968/07)
- A, B and C v Ireland (ECHR 16 December 2010, app. no 25579/05)
Articles, book chapters:
- E. Kismödi, ‘European Sexual and Reproductive Health Law and Human Rights’, in A. den
Exter (ed.) European Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 621-646.
- J. Rothmar Herrmann, ‘The Human Embryo and Foetus’, in A. den Exter (ed.) European
Health Law Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU 2017, p. 201-216.
- A. den Exter, Obstetric Violence: Sterilisation without Consent. The Case of Y.P. v. Russian
Federation, EJHL (2023) 1-10
