PATH 222: Test 1 (Weeks 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
1. Cardiac cycle Sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation of
the atria and ventricles of the heart
2. Atria The P wave represents depolarization of the
3. Ventricles The QRS complex indicates depolarization of the
4. Ventricles The T wave represents repolarization of the
5. Purkinje fibers The U wave, if present, may represent repolarization of the____ or may be
associated with hypokalemia
6. Baroreceptors Respond to increase or decrease in blood pressure or arterial stretch
7. Chemoreceptors Special nerve cells or receptors that sense changes in the chemical composi-
tion of the blood (e.g., levels of O2, CO2, pH)
8. Vasodilation ____ of veins would result in decrease preload
9. Vasoconstriction Arterial _____ would result in increase in afterload
10. Cardiac ouput A slight increase in the heart rate as compensation would increase ___
11. Afterload An increase in _____ can result in decrease cardiac output
12. Positive inotropes Drugs that increase myocardial contractility are ___
13. Negative inotropes Drugs that decrease myocardial contractility are __
14. Positive Drugs that increase heart rate are ___
chronotropes
15. Negative Drugs that decrease heart rate are ___
chronotropes
, PATH 222: Test 1 (Weeks 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
16. Coronary artery Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
disease (CAD)
17. Coronary artery A type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of
disease (CAD) atherosclerosis
18. Arteriosclerosis A type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from
the heart (arteries) become damaged
19. Arteriosclerosis Stiffening of arteries due to deterioration of elastic tissues of artery walls
20. Risk factors for Ar- Smoking, high CHL levels, high BP, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, family
teriosclerosis history of heart disease, poor diet
21. Atherosclerosis Condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of
the arteries; begins as soft deposits of plaque that hardens with age
22. Atherosclerosis ____is the major cause of coronary artery disease
23. Atherosclerosis Endothelial injury and inflammation play a central role in the development of
_____
24. Endothelium ______ (the lining the vessel wall) is normally nonreactive to platelets and
leukocytes, as well as to coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement factors
25. C-reactive protein Is a nonspecific marker of inflammation produced by liver
(CRP)
26. Chronic Endothelial Can be damaged from hypertension, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia/tension,
Injury toxins, infections, diabetes, infections, toxins.
27. Fatty streak - Collagen covers the fatty streak
- Vessel lumen in narrowed
, PATH 222: Test 1 (Weeks 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
- Blood flow is reduced
- Fissures can develop
28. Fibrous Plaque - Collagen covers the fatty streak
- Vessel lumen in narrowed
- Blood flow is reduced
- Fissures can develop
29. Fibrous Plaque - Normally endothelium repairs itself stat., does not happen in CAD
- Upon injury lipoproteins (ldl) (carrier proteins within the bloodstream) trans-
port cholesterol and other lipids into the arterial intima
- Collagen covers the fatty streak and forms a ___
30. Complicated Lesion - Plaque rupture
- Thrombus formation
- Further narrowing or total occlusion of vessel
31. Glycoprotein Activation of exposed platelet causes expression of that bind fibrinogen _____
IIb/IIIa receptors further platelet aggregation/adhesion --> enlarging thrombus further
32. Collateral circula- Alternate or "backup" blood vessels in your body that can take over when
tion another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged
33. Angiogenesis Formation of new blood vessels
34. Chronic ischemia Presence of _____, due to atherosclerotic plaque block coronary artery chron-
ically --> increased collateral circulation develops
35. Chronic stable Chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period with the same pattern
angina of onset, duration, and intensity of symptoms, therefore having a predictable
onset
36. Chronic stable In _______
angina - Pt. may deny feeling pain, instead may describe pressure/ache in the chest
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
1. Cardiac cycle Sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation of
the atria and ventricles of the heart
2. Atria The P wave represents depolarization of the
3. Ventricles The QRS complex indicates depolarization of the
4. Ventricles The T wave represents repolarization of the
5. Purkinje fibers The U wave, if present, may represent repolarization of the____ or may be
associated with hypokalemia
6. Baroreceptors Respond to increase or decrease in blood pressure or arterial stretch
7. Chemoreceptors Special nerve cells or receptors that sense changes in the chemical composi-
tion of the blood (e.g., levels of O2, CO2, pH)
8. Vasodilation ____ of veins would result in decrease preload
9. Vasoconstriction Arterial _____ would result in increase in afterload
10. Cardiac ouput A slight increase in the heart rate as compensation would increase ___
11. Afterload An increase in _____ can result in decrease cardiac output
12. Positive inotropes Drugs that increase myocardial contractility are ___
13. Negative inotropes Drugs that decrease myocardial contractility are __
14. Positive Drugs that increase heart rate are ___
chronotropes
15. Negative Drugs that decrease heart rate are ___
chronotropes
, PATH 222: Test 1 (Weeks 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
16. Coronary artery Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
disease (CAD)
17. Coronary artery A type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of
disease (CAD) atherosclerosis
18. Arteriosclerosis A type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from
the heart (arteries) become damaged
19. Arteriosclerosis Stiffening of arteries due to deterioration of elastic tissues of artery walls
20. Risk factors for Ar- Smoking, high CHL levels, high BP, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, family
teriosclerosis history of heart disease, poor diet
21. Atherosclerosis Condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of
the arteries; begins as soft deposits of plaque that hardens with age
22. Atherosclerosis ____is the major cause of coronary artery disease
23. Atherosclerosis Endothelial injury and inflammation play a central role in the development of
_____
24. Endothelium ______ (the lining the vessel wall) is normally nonreactive to platelets and
leukocytes, as well as to coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement factors
25. C-reactive protein Is a nonspecific marker of inflammation produced by liver
(CRP)
26. Chronic Endothelial Can be damaged from hypertension, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia/tension,
Injury toxins, infections, diabetes, infections, toxins.
27. Fatty streak - Collagen covers the fatty streak
- Vessel lumen in narrowed
, PATH 222: Test 1 (Weeks 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_do3rym
- Blood flow is reduced
- Fissures can develop
28. Fibrous Plaque - Collagen covers the fatty streak
- Vessel lumen in narrowed
- Blood flow is reduced
- Fissures can develop
29. Fibrous Plaque - Normally endothelium repairs itself stat., does not happen in CAD
- Upon injury lipoproteins (ldl) (carrier proteins within the bloodstream) trans-
port cholesterol and other lipids into the arterial intima
- Collagen covers the fatty streak and forms a ___
30. Complicated Lesion - Plaque rupture
- Thrombus formation
- Further narrowing or total occlusion of vessel
31. Glycoprotein Activation of exposed platelet causes expression of that bind fibrinogen _____
IIb/IIIa receptors further platelet aggregation/adhesion --> enlarging thrombus further
32. Collateral circula- Alternate or "backup" blood vessels in your body that can take over when
tion another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged
33. Angiogenesis Formation of new blood vessels
34. Chronic ischemia Presence of _____, due to atherosclerotic plaque block coronary artery chron-
ically --> increased collateral circulation develops
35. Chronic stable Chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period with the same pattern
angina of onset, duration, and intensity of symptoms, therefore having a predictable
onset
36. Chronic stable In _______
angina - Pt. may deny feeling pain, instead may describe pressure/ache in the chest
