NR 509 Final Exam Questions With Accurate
Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Childhood immunizations
- accurate answers-Birth- Hep B, Flu
1-2 mos- DTap, Hep B(2), HIB, Polio, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus
3-4 mos- DTap (2), HIB (2), Polio (2), Pneumo (2), Rotavirus (2)
5-6 mos- Dtap (3), HIB (3), polio (3), pneumo (3), Rotavirus (3), Flu
7-11 mos- flu
12-23 mos- Varicella, DTap (4), HIB (4), MMR (1), Polio (3), Pnuemo (4), Hep
A, Hep B (3), Flu
2-3 years- Flu
4-6 years- DTap (5), Polio (4), MMR (2), Varicella (2), Flu
7-10 years- Flu, HPV
11-12 years- Mening, HPV (2), Tdap (1)
13-18 years- Mening (2), Serogroup B Mening (2)
Apgar scale
- accurate answers-a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of
indications of good health in newborns. Score at 1 min and again at 5 min
3 pt scale (0,1,2) score ranges 0-10
HR: absent- <100- >100
Resp: Absent- slow- good
Color: Blue/pale- Pink body/blue arms- pink
Muscle tone: Flaccid- Some flexion- Active
Reflexes: None- Grimaces- Vigorous Cry
Gestational Age Assessment
- accurate answers-Performed within 2 to 12 hr of birth
Newborn Measurements and New Ballard Scale
Gestational age estimation and baseline to assess growth and development.
*Neonatal morbidity and mortality are related to gestational age and birth
weight.
,Large gestational age
- accurate answers-above 90th percentile
risk for hypoglycemia- s/s include jitteriness, irritability, cyanosis
small gestational age
- accurate answers-<10th percentile
babies who weigh substantially less than is normal for whatever their
gestational age
May be caused by fetal, placental, maternal factors, maternal smoking
Preterm appropriate gestational age at risk for
- accurate answers-respiratory distress, apnea, patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
with left to right shunt and infection
Preterm small gestation age at risk for
- accurate answers-asphyxia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia
tremors after 4 days old suggest
- accurate answers-CNS disease, asphyxia, drug withdrawal, central or
peripheral neurologic defect, or birth injuries
s/s include asymmetric movements of arms or legs
failure to thrive
- accurate answers-1) growth <5th percentile
2) drop >2 quartiles in 6 months
3) weight for length <5th percentile
Causes include environmental, psychosocial, GI, neurologic, cardiac, renal, and
endocrine diseases
Macrocephaly
- accurate answers->95th percentile or 2 standard deviations above mean
Hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, brain tumor, inherited familial,
megaloencephaly
,Causes of HTN in newborns
- accurate answers-renal artery disease (stenosis, thrombosis), congenital
renal malformations, coarctation of aorta
Polycythemia
- accurate answers-A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the
number of red blood cells in the blood
Ruddy complexion- reddish/purple
Cutis marmorata
- accurate answers-Lattice-like, bluish mottled skin seen in premature infants,
hypothyroidism, down syndrome
Acrocyanosis
- accurate answers-Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns
resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and
toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with warming.
If color doesn't return to normal in 8 hours consider congenital heart disease
harlequin dyschromia
- accurate answers-Occasionally in newborns there is a transient cyanosis
over one half of the body or one extremity, presumably from vascular
instability
African American newborns skin tone
- accurate answers-light except for nailbeds, genitals, and ear folds which are
dark
Dark/Bluish pigment over buttocks lower lumbar (slate blue patches)
Neonatal acne
- accurate answers-red pustule/papules over cheeks and nose of newborns
seborrhea
- accurate answers-salmon red, scaly eruption on face, neck axilla, diaper area,
and ears
, atopic dermatitis
- accurate answers-erythema, scaly, dry intense itching
Candidal diaper dermatitis
- accurate answers-bright red rash involves the intertriginous folds with small
"satellite lesions" along the edges
Contact Diaper Dermatitis
- accurate answers-irritant rash is secondary to diarrhea or irritation & is
noted along contact areas
Cafe au lait spots
- accurate answers-Smooth edged tan-to-brown pigmentations on the skin
measuring <1-2cm at birth if >5 spots seen in neurofibromatosis
erythema toxicum
- accurate answers-pink rash that appears suddenly anywhere on the body of
a term newborn during the first 3 weeks may be mistaken for herpes or staph
infection
presents with a pinpoint vesicle (looks like flea bite)
Midline hair tufts over the lumbosacral spine region suggest a possible
___________.
- accurate answers-spinal cord defect
Jaundice
- accurate answers-<24hrs hemolytic disease of the newborn
2-3wks old suggest biliary obstruction or liver disease
breast feeding jaundice resolves 10-14 days
salmon patch
- accurate answers-common vascular marking disappears by 1 year
port-wine stain
- accurate answers-a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood
Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Childhood immunizations
- accurate answers-Birth- Hep B, Flu
1-2 mos- DTap, Hep B(2), HIB, Polio, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus
3-4 mos- DTap (2), HIB (2), Polio (2), Pneumo (2), Rotavirus (2)
5-6 mos- Dtap (3), HIB (3), polio (3), pneumo (3), Rotavirus (3), Flu
7-11 mos- flu
12-23 mos- Varicella, DTap (4), HIB (4), MMR (1), Polio (3), Pnuemo (4), Hep
A, Hep B (3), Flu
2-3 years- Flu
4-6 years- DTap (5), Polio (4), MMR (2), Varicella (2), Flu
7-10 years- Flu, HPV
11-12 years- Mening, HPV (2), Tdap (1)
13-18 years- Mening (2), Serogroup B Mening (2)
Apgar scale
- accurate answers-a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of
indications of good health in newborns. Score at 1 min and again at 5 min
3 pt scale (0,1,2) score ranges 0-10
HR: absent- <100- >100
Resp: Absent- slow- good
Color: Blue/pale- Pink body/blue arms- pink
Muscle tone: Flaccid- Some flexion- Active
Reflexes: None- Grimaces- Vigorous Cry
Gestational Age Assessment
- accurate answers-Performed within 2 to 12 hr of birth
Newborn Measurements and New Ballard Scale
Gestational age estimation and baseline to assess growth and development.
*Neonatal morbidity and mortality are related to gestational age and birth
weight.
,Large gestational age
- accurate answers-above 90th percentile
risk for hypoglycemia- s/s include jitteriness, irritability, cyanosis
small gestational age
- accurate answers-<10th percentile
babies who weigh substantially less than is normal for whatever their
gestational age
May be caused by fetal, placental, maternal factors, maternal smoking
Preterm appropriate gestational age at risk for
- accurate answers-respiratory distress, apnea, patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
with left to right shunt and infection
Preterm small gestation age at risk for
- accurate answers-asphyxia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia
tremors after 4 days old suggest
- accurate answers-CNS disease, asphyxia, drug withdrawal, central or
peripheral neurologic defect, or birth injuries
s/s include asymmetric movements of arms or legs
failure to thrive
- accurate answers-1) growth <5th percentile
2) drop >2 quartiles in 6 months
3) weight for length <5th percentile
Causes include environmental, psychosocial, GI, neurologic, cardiac, renal, and
endocrine diseases
Macrocephaly
- accurate answers->95th percentile or 2 standard deviations above mean
Hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, brain tumor, inherited familial,
megaloencephaly
,Causes of HTN in newborns
- accurate answers-renal artery disease (stenosis, thrombosis), congenital
renal malformations, coarctation of aorta
Polycythemia
- accurate answers-A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the
number of red blood cells in the blood
Ruddy complexion- reddish/purple
Cutis marmorata
- accurate answers-Lattice-like, bluish mottled skin seen in premature infants,
hypothyroidism, down syndrome
Acrocyanosis
- accurate answers-Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns
resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and
toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with warming.
If color doesn't return to normal in 8 hours consider congenital heart disease
harlequin dyschromia
- accurate answers-Occasionally in newborns there is a transient cyanosis
over one half of the body or one extremity, presumably from vascular
instability
African American newborns skin tone
- accurate answers-light except for nailbeds, genitals, and ear folds which are
dark
Dark/Bluish pigment over buttocks lower lumbar (slate blue patches)
Neonatal acne
- accurate answers-red pustule/papules over cheeks and nose of newborns
seborrhea
- accurate answers-salmon red, scaly eruption on face, neck axilla, diaper area,
and ears
, atopic dermatitis
- accurate answers-erythema, scaly, dry intense itching
Candidal diaper dermatitis
- accurate answers-bright red rash involves the intertriginous folds with small
"satellite lesions" along the edges
Contact Diaper Dermatitis
- accurate answers-irritant rash is secondary to diarrhea or irritation & is
noted along contact areas
Cafe au lait spots
- accurate answers-Smooth edged tan-to-brown pigmentations on the skin
measuring <1-2cm at birth if >5 spots seen in neurofibromatosis
erythema toxicum
- accurate answers-pink rash that appears suddenly anywhere on the body of
a term newborn during the first 3 weeks may be mistaken for herpes or staph
infection
presents with a pinpoint vesicle (looks like flea bite)
Midline hair tufts over the lumbosacral spine region suggest a possible
___________.
- accurate answers-spinal cord defect
Jaundice
- accurate answers-<24hrs hemolytic disease of the newborn
2-3wks old suggest biliary obstruction or liver disease
breast feeding jaundice resolves 10-14 days
salmon patch
- accurate answers-common vascular marking disappears by 1 year
port-wine stain
- accurate answers-a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood
