Victimology Final Exam
and Answers Updated
2026
VictimsBwithBdisabilitiesB-
BAnswerB1.BOneBofBtheBlargestBcategoriesBofBvictimsBtoBbeBneglectedBbyBourBcrimin
alBjusticeBsystem.B
2.BWallace'sBresearchBindicatesBthatBtheBlevelBofBviolenceBagainstBchildrenBandBadults
BwithBdisabilitiesBisB5BtimesBhigherBthanBtheBgeneralBpopulation
3.BCivilBRightsBActBofB1964BandBAmericansBwithBDisabilitiesBActB(ADA)BofB1990
4.BAprox.B43BmillionBAmericansBhaveBoneBorBmoreBdisability
5.BDisabilitiesBcanBbeBmentalBorBphysicalBorBboth
6.BABpersonBwithBdisabilitiesBisBoneBwhoBhasBaBphysicalBorBmentalBimpairmentBthatB
substantiallyBlimitsBoneBorBmoreBofBtheBmajorBlifeBactivitiesBofBtheBindividualBorBhas
BaBrecordBofBsuchBanBimpairmentBorBisBregardedBasBhavingBsuchBanBimpairment.B
7.BPersonsBwithBdisabilitiesBrepresentB10%BofBtheBpopulationBinBtheBU.S
DisabilitiesBcoveredBbyBtheBlawB-BAnswerBCoverBphysicalBandBmentalBimpairmentsB
1.PhysicalBDisabilities:BPhysiologicalBdisordersBorBconditions,Bdisfigurement,BtheBlossBof
BuseBofBanyBpartBofBtheBbody.
Examples:BCerebralBPalsy,BEpilepsy,BMultipleBSclerosis,BAIDS/HIVBinfection,Bcancer,Bhear
tBdisease,BandBdiabetes
2.BMentalBDisabilities:BMentalBorBpsychologicalBdisorders.B
Examples:BMentalBretardation,BOrganicBBrainBSyndrome,BEmotionalBorBMentalBIllness,B
andBSpecificBLearningBDisorders.
PrisonersBasBVictimsB-
BAnswerB1.BNewBinmatesBareBmoreBvulnerableBtoBprisonBrapeBthanBareBrecidivistsBw
hoBhaveBpriorBimprisonmentBexperiencesBandBknowledge.B
, 2.BWithBaBnationalBjailBandBprisonBpopulationBofB2Bmillion,BtheBUnitedBStatesBlikelyB
exposesBtensBofBthousandsBofBmaleBinmatesBtoBrapeBandBconsequentlyBHIV/AIDSBand
BotherBSTD's.B
3.BTheBPrisonBRapeBandBEliminationBActB(PREA)BofB2003BestablishedBaBzeroBtolerance
BforBrapeBandBsexualBassaultBinBprisons
AbuseBofBStudentsB-
BAnswerBSchoolBViolenceBcanBinclude:BbullyingBbehavior,Bfighting,BsexualBmisconduct,
BgangBactivity,BandBvariousBformsBofBhomicide.BTheoriesBtoBexplainBtheBcauseBofBviol
enceBinBourBschoolsB(wallace)
a)TheBsocialBlearningBTheory
b)TheBexchangeBTheory
c)ViolenceBinBtheBMedia
TheoriesBtoBexplainBtheBcauseBofBviolenceBinBourBschoolsB-
BAnswerB1.BTheBSocialBLearningBTheory:BDelinquencyBisBlearnedBthroughBpeerBgroup
Binteractions.BEdwinBSutherlandBtriedBtoBexplainBhowBgroupBrelationsBimpactBaBperso
nsBattitudesBandBbehaviors.BassumesBthatBjuvenileBdelinquencyBisBlearnedBfromBother
sBduringBtheBcourseBofBtheirBsocialBinteractions.BalsoBcalledBtheBtheoryBofBdifferential
Bassociation.BcoversBallBcrimeBtypes.B
2.BTheBExchangeBTheory:BPeopleBactBaccordingBtoBaBsystemBofBrewardsBandBpunishm
ents.BAppliedBtoBbullyingBbehavior,BisBbasedBonBaBdeterminationBofBcostsBandBreward
s.BcanBbecauseBtheyBcan
3.BViolenceBinBtheBMedia:BglamourizedBsoBitBincreasesBandBpromotesBanBattitudeBofB
aggressionBthatBisBsociallyBacceptable.
CompensationBtoBvictimsBofBcrimeB-
BAnswerB1.BVictimsBofBcrimeBactB(VOCA)B1984:BEstablishedBaBcrimeBvictimsBfund,Bw
hichBisBsupportedBbyBrevenuesBfromBfederalBoffendersB(fines,BpenaltyBassessments,Ba
ndBforfeitedBappearanceBbonds).
2.BFebruaryB17,B2009:BAmericanBrecoveryBandBreinvestmentBact-
makeBtheBuseBofBvictimBcompensationBfundsBandBtoBprovideBforBresearchBonBvictimB
issues.
and Answers Updated
2026
VictimsBwithBdisabilitiesB-
BAnswerB1.BOneBofBtheBlargestBcategoriesBofBvictimsBtoBbeBneglectedBbyBourBcrimin
alBjusticeBsystem.B
2.BWallace'sBresearchBindicatesBthatBtheBlevelBofBviolenceBagainstBchildrenBandBadults
BwithBdisabilitiesBisB5BtimesBhigherBthanBtheBgeneralBpopulation
3.BCivilBRightsBActBofB1964BandBAmericansBwithBDisabilitiesBActB(ADA)BofB1990
4.BAprox.B43BmillionBAmericansBhaveBoneBorBmoreBdisability
5.BDisabilitiesBcanBbeBmentalBorBphysicalBorBboth
6.BABpersonBwithBdisabilitiesBisBoneBwhoBhasBaBphysicalBorBmentalBimpairmentBthatB
substantiallyBlimitsBoneBorBmoreBofBtheBmajorBlifeBactivitiesBofBtheBindividualBorBhas
BaBrecordBofBsuchBanBimpairmentBorBisBregardedBasBhavingBsuchBanBimpairment.B
7.BPersonsBwithBdisabilitiesBrepresentB10%BofBtheBpopulationBinBtheBU.S
DisabilitiesBcoveredBbyBtheBlawB-BAnswerBCoverBphysicalBandBmentalBimpairmentsB
1.PhysicalBDisabilities:BPhysiologicalBdisordersBorBconditions,Bdisfigurement,BtheBlossBof
BuseBofBanyBpartBofBtheBbody.
Examples:BCerebralBPalsy,BEpilepsy,BMultipleBSclerosis,BAIDS/HIVBinfection,Bcancer,Bhear
tBdisease,BandBdiabetes
2.BMentalBDisabilities:BMentalBorBpsychologicalBdisorders.B
Examples:BMentalBretardation,BOrganicBBrainBSyndrome,BEmotionalBorBMentalBIllness,B
andBSpecificBLearningBDisorders.
PrisonersBasBVictimsB-
BAnswerB1.BNewBinmatesBareBmoreBvulnerableBtoBprisonBrapeBthanBareBrecidivistsBw
hoBhaveBpriorBimprisonmentBexperiencesBandBknowledge.B
, 2.BWithBaBnationalBjailBandBprisonBpopulationBofB2Bmillion,BtheBUnitedBStatesBlikelyB
exposesBtensBofBthousandsBofBmaleBinmatesBtoBrapeBandBconsequentlyBHIV/AIDSBand
BotherBSTD's.B
3.BTheBPrisonBRapeBandBEliminationBActB(PREA)BofB2003BestablishedBaBzeroBtolerance
BforBrapeBandBsexualBassaultBinBprisons
AbuseBofBStudentsB-
BAnswerBSchoolBViolenceBcanBinclude:BbullyingBbehavior,Bfighting,BsexualBmisconduct,
BgangBactivity,BandBvariousBformsBofBhomicide.BTheoriesBtoBexplainBtheBcauseBofBviol
enceBinBourBschoolsB(wallace)
a)TheBsocialBlearningBTheory
b)TheBexchangeBTheory
c)ViolenceBinBtheBMedia
TheoriesBtoBexplainBtheBcauseBofBviolenceBinBourBschoolsB-
BAnswerB1.BTheBSocialBLearningBTheory:BDelinquencyBisBlearnedBthroughBpeerBgroup
Binteractions.BEdwinBSutherlandBtriedBtoBexplainBhowBgroupBrelationsBimpactBaBperso
nsBattitudesBandBbehaviors.BassumesBthatBjuvenileBdelinquencyBisBlearnedBfromBother
sBduringBtheBcourseBofBtheirBsocialBinteractions.BalsoBcalledBtheBtheoryBofBdifferential
Bassociation.BcoversBallBcrimeBtypes.B
2.BTheBExchangeBTheory:BPeopleBactBaccordingBtoBaBsystemBofBrewardsBandBpunishm
ents.BAppliedBtoBbullyingBbehavior,BisBbasedBonBaBdeterminationBofBcostsBandBreward
s.BcanBbecauseBtheyBcan
3.BViolenceBinBtheBMedia:BglamourizedBsoBitBincreasesBandBpromotesBanBattitudeBofB
aggressionBthatBisBsociallyBacceptable.
CompensationBtoBvictimsBofBcrimeB-
BAnswerB1.BVictimsBofBcrimeBactB(VOCA)B1984:BEstablishedBaBcrimeBvictimsBfund,Bw
hichBisBsupportedBbyBrevenuesBfromBfederalBoffendersB(fines,BpenaltyBassessments,Ba
ndBforfeitedBappearanceBbonds).
2.BFebruaryB17,B2009:BAmericanBrecoveryBandBreinvestmentBact-
makeBtheBuseBofBvictimBcompensationBfundsBandBtoBprovideBforBresearchBonBvictimB
issues.