,TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter 02 - Introduction to the Human Body ....................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 03 - The Chemical Level of Organization ............................................................................................... 17
Chapter 04 - The Cellular Level of Organization .................................................................................................. 30
Chapter 05 - The Tissue Level of Organization .................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 06 - The Integumentary System ............................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 07 - Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System ............................................................................................... 70
Chapter 08 - Axial Skeleton .................................................................................................................................. 83
Chapter 09 - The Appendicular Skeleton .............................................................................................................. 96
Chapter 10 - Joints .............................................................................................................................................. 109
Chapter 11 - Muscle Tissue................................................................................................................................. 123
Chapter 12 - The Muscular System ..................................................................................................................... 137
Chapter 13 - The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue ...................................................................................... 152
Chapter 14 - Anatomy of the Nervous System.................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 15 - The Somatic Nervous System ........................................................................................................ 181
Chapter 16 - The Autonomic Nervous System ................................................................................................... 195
Chapter 17 - The Endocrine System.................................................................................................................... 211
Chapter 18 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood ................................................................................................ 226
Chapter 19 - The Cardiovascular System: The Heart .......................................................................................... 240
Chapter 20 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation ......................................................... 254
Chapter 21 - The Lymphatic and Immune System.............................................................................................. 267
Chapter 22 - The Respiratory System ................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 23 - The Digestive System ..................................................................................................................... 294
Chapter 24 - Metabolism and Nutrition............................................................................................................... 308
Chapter 25 - The Urinary System........................................................................................................................ 322
Chapter 26 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance..................................................................................... 336
Chapter 27 - The Reproductive Systems ............................................................................................................. 350
Multiple Choice ................................................................................................................................................... 350
,Chapter 02 - Introduction to the Human Body
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following definitions describes the scientific study of human anatomy?
a. The study of the body’s metabolic functions.
b. The study of the body’s structures.
c. The study of body’s chemical processes.
d. The study of the body’s molecular processes.
e. The study of the body’s evolution.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.1 - Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
2. What two approaches do anatomists use to study the body’s structures?
a. regional and systemic
b. global and detailed
c. holistic and microscopic
d. internal and external
e. active and passive
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of An WaWtoWm.yTaBnS
dMP.
h yWsS
i ology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
3. Which of the following describes the study of regional anatomy?
a. The skin and its functions.
b. The interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region.
c. Human evolution by regions of the world.
d. The specific functions of an organ.
e. Chemical changes in the human body.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
4. Which of the following describes the study of systemic anatomy?
a. The operation of body functions.
b. The sequence of chemical reactions in the body.
c. The structures that make up a discrete body system.
d. The evolution of the human body.
e. The changes in the body over time.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
, REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
5. What is phosphorylation?
a. The most common form of molecular regulation in animal cells – the addition of a phosphate group to specific
molecules.
b. The ingestion and absorption of excessive phosphorus from the environment.
c. The production of excessive amounts of phosphorus by the body.
d. The conversion of phosphorus through a series of reactions in the environment.
e. The removal of phosphorus from our bodies.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast various structure-function relationships
from molecular to organ level.
6. Early humans evolved a restructured pelvis to accommodate for what specific function?
a. increased intelligence
b. bipedalism
c. childbirth
d. self defense
e. sense of smell and taste
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.2 - Relate the commonly found branching structure to function of an organ.
7. How is human evolution defined?
a. The impact of the earth’s climate on human development.
b. Changes in human intelligence over time.
c. The development of cognitive and motor skills over time.
d. A change in gene expression that occurs from generation to generation.
e. The ability to adapt to constantly changing environments.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution and Human Variation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.1 - Define the term and explain the concept of evolution.
8. Why does the body require UV radiation from sunlight?
a. To control the spread of bacteria.
b. To improve skin tone and quality.
c. For the production of proteins.
d. To control blood flow.
e. For the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANSWER: e
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Chapter 02 - Introduction to the Human Body ....................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 03 - The Chemical Level of Organization ............................................................................................... 17
Chapter 04 - The Cellular Level of Organization .................................................................................................. 30
Chapter 05 - The Tissue Level of Organization .................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 06 - The Integumentary System ............................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 07 - Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System ............................................................................................... 70
Chapter 08 - Axial Skeleton .................................................................................................................................. 83
Chapter 09 - The Appendicular Skeleton .............................................................................................................. 96
Chapter 10 - Joints .............................................................................................................................................. 109
Chapter 11 - Muscle Tissue................................................................................................................................. 123
Chapter 12 - The Muscular System ..................................................................................................................... 137
Chapter 13 - The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue ...................................................................................... 152
Chapter 14 - Anatomy of the Nervous System.................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 15 - The Somatic Nervous System ........................................................................................................ 181
Chapter 16 - The Autonomic Nervous System ................................................................................................... 195
Chapter 17 - The Endocrine System.................................................................................................................... 211
Chapter 18 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood ................................................................................................ 226
Chapter 19 - The Cardiovascular System: The Heart .......................................................................................... 240
Chapter 20 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation ......................................................... 254
Chapter 21 - The Lymphatic and Immune System.............................................................................................. 267
Chapter 22 - The Respiratory System ................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 23 - The Digestive System ..................................................................................................................... 294
Chapter 24 - Metabolism and Nutrition............................................................................................................... 308
Chapter 25 - The Urinary System........................................................................................................................ 322
Chapter 26 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance..................................................................................... 336
Chapter 27 - The Reproductive Systems ............................................................................................................. 350
Multiple Choice ................................................................................................................................................... 350
,Chapter 02 - Introduction to the Human Body
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following definitions describes the scientific study of human anatomy?
a. The study of the body’s metabolic functions.
b. The study of the body’s structures.
c. The study of body’s chemical processes.
d. The study of the body’s molecular processes.
e. The study of the body’s evolution.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.1 - Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
2. What two approaches do anatomists use to study the body’s structures?
a. regional and systemic
b. global and detailed
c. holistic and microscopic
d. internal and external
e. active and passive
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of An WaWtoWm.yTaBnS
dMP.
h yWsS
i ology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
3. Which of the following describes the study of regional anatomy?
a. The skin and its functions.
b. The interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region.
c. Human evolution by regions of the world.
d. The specific functions of an organ.
e. Chemical changes in the human body.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
4. Which of the following describes the study of systemic anatomy?
a. The operation of body functions.
b. The sequence of chemical reactions in the body.
c. The structures that make up a discrete body system.
d. The evolution of the human body.
e. The changes in the body over time.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
, REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and
physiology.
5. What is phosphorylation?
a. The most common form of molecular regulation in animal cells – the addition of a phosphate group to specific
molecules.
b. The ingestion and absorption of excessive phosphorus from the environment.
c. The production of excessive amounts of phosphorus by the body.
d. The conversion of phosphorus through a series of reactions in the environment.
e. The removal of phosphorus from our bodies.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast various structure-function relationships
from molecular to organ level.
6. Early humans evolved a restructured pelvis to accommodate for what specific function?
a. increased intelligence
b. bipedalism
c. childbirth
d. self defense
e. sense of smell and taste
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.2 - Relate the commonly found branching structure to function of an organ.
7. How is human evolution defined?
a. The impact of the earth’s climate on human development.
b. Changes in human intelligence over time.
c. The development of cognitive and motor skills over time.
d. A change in gene expression that occurs from generation to generation.
e. The ability to adapt to constantly changing environments.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Blooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution and Human Variation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.1 - Define the term and explain the concept of evolution.
8. Why does the body require UV radiation from sunlight?
a. To control the spread of bacteria.
b. To improve skin tone and quality.
c. For the production of proteins.
d. To control blood flow.
e. For the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANSWER: e
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