7. MEMORY
Memory refers to the processes by which people and other organisms encode, store, and
retrieve information. Memory is critical to humans and all other living organisms. Practically all
of our daily activities—talking, understanding, reading, and socializing—depend on our having
learnt and stored information about our environments. Memory allows us to retrieve events from
the distant past or from moments ago. It enables us to learn new skills and to form habits. Without
the ability to access past experiences or information, we would be unable to comprehend language,
recognize our friends and family members, find our way home, or even tie a shoelace. Life would
be a series of disconnected experiences, each one new and unfamiliar. Without any sort of memory,
it would be impossible for humans to survive. Philosophers, psychologists, writers, and other
thinkers have long been fascinated by memory. They have always been wondering about, and
working on problems like:
•How does the brain store memories?
•Why do people remember some bits of information but not others?
•Can people improve their memories?
•What is the capacity of memory?
Memory also, frequently, is a subject of controversy because of questions about its accuracy. An
eyewitness’s memory of a crime can play a crucial role in determining a suspect’s guilt or
innocence. Psychologists agree that people do not always recall events as they actually happened,
and sometimes people mistakenly recall events that had never happened.
, Encode+ storing+ retrieval
Memory is able to take information encoded it, store it and recall it, a latter time.
Functions of Memory
Encoding: is defining define as initial learning of information.
Storage: is second memory process in which we maintain information over a period of time.
Retrieval: is the ability to access to information to recall when we have need it.
Types of Memory
Sensory Short term Long term
memory memory memory
Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the earliest stage of memory. It
is a very short-term memory store for information being
processing by the sense organs. Sensory memory has a
limited duration to store information, typically less than a
second. Information taken from the environment through
our sense organ and storage for the very brief period of the time.
Types of Sensory Memory
Memory refers to the processes by which people and other organisms encode, store, and
retrieve information. Memory is critical to humans and all other living organisms. Practically all
of our daily activities—talking, understanding, reading, and socializing—depend on our having
learnt and stored information about our environments. Memory allows us to retrieve events from
the distant past or from moments ago. It enables us to learn new skills and to form habits. Without
the ability to access past experiences or information, we would be unable to comprehend language,
recognize our friends and family members, find our way home, or even tie a shoelace. Life would
be a series of disconnected experiences, each one new and unfamiliar. Without any sort of memory,
it would be impossible for humans to survive. Philosophers, psychologists, writers, and other
thinkers have long been fascinated by memory. They have always been wondering about, and
working on problems like:
•How does the brain store memories?
•Why do people remember some bits of information but not others?
•Can people improve their memories?
•What is the capacity of memory?
Memory also, frequently, is a subject of controversy because of questions about its accuracy. An
eyewitness’s memory of a crime can play a crucial role in determining a suspect’s guilt or
innocence. Psychologists agree that people do not always recall events as they actually happened,
and sometimes people mistakenly recall events that had never happened.
, Encode+ storing+ retrieval
Memory is able to take information encoded it, store it and recall it, a latter time.
Functions of Memory
Encoding: is defining define as initial learning of information.
Storage: is second memory process in which we maintain information over a period of time.
Retrieval: is the ability to access to information to recall when we have need it.
Types of Memory
Sensory Short term Long term
memory memory memory
Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the earliest stage of memory. It
is a very short-term memory store for information being
processing by the sense organs. Sensory memory has a
limited duration to store information, typically less than a
second. Information taken from the environment through
our sense organ and storage for the very brief period of the time.
Types of Sensory Memory
