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Which of the following best defines organizational behavior (OB)?
a. The study of financial performance in organizations
b. The study of how individuals and groups act within organizations
c. The study of marketing strategies
d. The study of production efficiency
,✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Organizational behavior examines individual, group, and structural
influences on behavior within organizations to improve effectiveness. Options A,
C, and D describe other fields of study. DIF: Knowledge | REF: OB Definition | OBJ:
Define organizational behavior
Which personality trait in the Big Five model reflects dependability and
responsibility?
a. Extraversion
b. Agreeableness
c. Conscientiousness
d. Openness
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conscientious individuals are organized, reliable, and achievement-
oriented. Extraversion (Option A) is sociability. Agreeableness (Option B) is
cooperativeness. Openness (Option D) is creativity and curiosity. DIF: Knowledge |
REF: Big Five Model | OBJ: Identify personality traits
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be satisfied before esteem
needs?
a. Self-actualization
b. Social needs
c. Physiological needs
d. Safety needs
,✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy progresses: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and
self-actualization. Social needs must be met before esteem needs. Options A, C,
and D are incorrect order. DIF: Knowledge | REF: Maslow's Hierarchy | OBJ: Apply
Maslow's theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory states that hygiene factors:
a. Increase long-term motivation
b. Eliminate job dissatisfaction but do not motivate
c. Replace intrinsic rewards
d. Guarantee employee engagement
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hygiene factors (pay, policies, conditions) prevent dissatisfaction but do
not create motivation. Motivators (Option A) increase satisfaction. Options C and
D are incorrect. DIF: Knowledge | REF: Herzberg's Theory | OBJ: Differentiate
hygiene factors and motivators
Which leadership style involves employee participation in decision-making?
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
d. Transactional
, ✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Democratic leaders encourage team involvement and shared decision-
making. Autocratic (Option A) is directive. Laissez-faire (Option C) provides
minimal guidance. Transactional (Option D) focuses on rewards and punishments.
DIF: Knowledge | REF: Leadership Styles | OBJ: Identify democratic leadership
Emotional intelligence (EI) primarily refers to the ability to:
a. Solve technical problems
b. Understand and manage emotions
c. Increase production
d. Delegate tasks effectively
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: EI includes self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills.
Options A, C, and D are not components of EI. DIF: Knowledge | REF: Emotional
Intelligence | OBJ: Define emotional intelligence
Which theory suggests employees compare their input-output ratios with others?
a. Expectancy theory
b. Equity theory
c. Goal-setting theory
d. Reinforcement theory
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Equity theory explains motivation through perceived fairness.