NURS 240 Exam 3 – Questions With Detailed Answers
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Terms in this set (229)
Alterations in erythrocyte function insufficient or excessive numbers of erythrocytes in
involves either... circulation or normal number of cells with abnormal
components
1. Too few RBC= anemias
2. Too many RBC= polycythemias
What does a increased number of The body is responding to an infection
leukocytes usually mean?
The primary role of clotting (hemostasis) bleeding through an interaction of endothelium lining
is to stop... the vessels, platelets, and clotting factors
,What are RBCs? The cell that uses its hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the
tissue
What is Erythropoiesis? The production of red blood cells from bone marrow
- stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by the
kidneys
- takes about 26 days for a RBC to mature
What are the ingredients needed for 1. Iron= a component of the heme unit that binds O2
RBC production? 2. Folate & B12= required for DNA synthesis
3. Intrinsic Factor (IF)= secreted by parietal cells in the
stomach and is required for the absorption of B12
4. Erythropoietin= secreted by the kidneys and
stimulates RBC production
What is Hemoglobin? A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
What is Hematocrit? The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total
volume of blood
What is Anemia? Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes (RBCs) in
circulating blood OR a reduction in quantity or quality of
hemoglobin
- classified based on size (cytic) and hemoglobin
content (chromic)
,What are the classic signs of Anemia? Think low O2:
- fatique
- weakness
- dyspnea
- pallor
- dizziness
- lethargy
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
What are the types of Macrocytic- Pernicious and folate deficiency anemia
Normochromic Anemia?
What are the types of Microcytic- Iron deficiency and Sideroblastic anemia
Hypochromic Anemia?
What are the types of Normocytic- post-hemorrhagic, aplastic, and hemolytic (sickle cell
Normochromic Anemias? anemia)
What is hypoxemia? decreased oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxia? decreased oxygen to tissues
Some signs and symptoms of anemia exertion
only occur during ______________ - effects become more noticeable as reduction
continues
, How does the body compensate for 1. Cardiovascular= activates the sympathetic NS and
Anemia? causes an increase in HR (tachycardia)
- lower O2 means heart has to work harder
2. Respiratory= increases rate and depth of breathing
(tachypnea) in order to increase O2 availability
3. Hematologic= increases release of O2 from
hemoglobin
What are the causes of Anemia? Blood loss, destruction of RBCs, deficient RBC
production (lack of components or bone marrow
failure)
What is Pernicious Anemia? A macrocytic, normochromic anemia due to deficiency
of intrinsic factor, which results in malabsorption of B12
- develops slowly
- S&S: normal anemia signs, GI upset, mood swings, a
beefy/red/smooth tongue, right sided heart failure,
confusion, gait disturbances
- diagnosed through blood tests
- treated with B12 replacement via injection (oral will not
work without IF), treatment is for lifetime
What is folate? Vitamin B9, which is essential for RNA and DNA
synthesis and RBC maturation
- absorbed in small intestine and doesn't require
facilitated absorption
- stored in the liver
- totally dependent on dietary intake
What is Folate Deficiency Anemia? A macrocytic, normochromic anemia due to deficiency
in folate which is needed to manufacture RBCs
- caused by ETOH abuse and or malnutrition
- S&S: classic anemia signs, dysphagia, diarrhea,
flatulence, inflammation and fissures of the mouth
- diagnosed through testing folate levels
- treatment includes increased folate intake and dietary
modifications
Groups
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (229)
Alterations in erythrocyte function insufficient or excessive numbers of erythrocytes in
involves either... circulation or normal number of cells with abnormal
components
1. Too few RBC= anemias
2. Too many RBC= polycythemias
What does a increased number of The body is responding to an infection
leukocytes usually mean?
The primary role of clotting (hemostasis) bleeding through an interaction of endothelium lining
is to stop... the vessels, platelets, and clotting factors
,What are RBCs? The cell that uses its hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the
tissue
What is Erythropoiesis? The production of red blood cells from bone marrow
- stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by the
kidneys
- takes about 26 days for a RBC to mature
What are the ingredients needed for 1. Iron= a component of the heme unit that binds O2
RBC production? 2. Folate & B12= required for DNA synthesis
3. Intrinsic Factor (IF)= secreted by parietal cells in the
stomach and is required for the absorption of B12
4. Erythropoietin= secreted by the kidneys and
stimulates RBC production
What is Hemoglobin? A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
What is Hematocrit? The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total
volume of blood
What is Anemia? Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes (RBCs) in
circulating blood OR a reduction in quantity or quality of
hemoglobin
- classified based on size (cytic) and hemoglobin
content (chromic)
,What are the classic signs of Anemia? Think low O2:
- fatique
- weakness
- dyspnea
- pallor
- dizziness
- lethargy
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
What are the types of Macrocytic- Pernicious and folate deficiency anemia
Normochromic Anemia?
What are the types of Microcytic- Iron deficiency and Sideroblastic anemia
Hypochromic Anemia?
What are the types of Normocytic- post-hemorrhagic, aplastic, and hemolytic (sickle cell
Normochromic Anemias? anemia)
What is hypoxemia? decreased oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxia? decreased oxygen to tissues
Some signs and symptoms of anemia exertion
only occur during ______________ - effects become more noticeable as reduction
continues
, How does the body compensate for 1. Cardiovascular= activates the sympathetic NS and
Anemia? causes an increase in HR (tachycardia)
- lower O2 means heart has to work harder
2. Respiratory= increases rate and depth of breathing
(tachypnea) in order to increase O2 availability
3. Hematologic= increases release of O2 from
hemoglobin
What are the causes of Anemia? Blood loss, destruction of RBCs, deficient RBC
production (lack of components or bone marrow
failure)
What is Pernicious Anemia? A macrocytic, normochromic anemia due to deficiency
of intrinsic factor, which results in malabsorption of B12
- develops slowly
- S&S: normal anemia signs, GI upset, mood swings, a
beefy/red/smooth tongue, right sided heart failure,
confusion, gait disturbances
- diagnosed through blood tests
- treated with B12 replacement via injection (oral will not
work without IF), treatment is for lifetime
What is folate? Vitamin B9, which is essential for RNA and DNA
synthesis and RBC maturation
- absorbed in small intestine and doesn't require
facilitated absorption
- stored in the liver
- totally dependent on dietary intake
What is Folate Deficiency Anemia? A macrocytic, normochromic anemia due to deficiency
in folate which is needed to manufacture RBCs
- caused by ETOH abuse and or malnutrition
- S&S: classic anemia signs, dysphagia, diarrhea,
flatulence, inflammation and fissures of the mouth
- diagnosed through testing folate levels
- treatment includes increased folate intake and dietary
modifications
