NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM PREP 2026
MEDICATION SAFETY AND CLINICAL
DECISION MAKING GUIDE
◉ Xenobiotics
Answer: Substances that are foreign to the body
Synthetic chemical compounds
Medications
All can potentially adversely affect the body
*Occasionally can be transformed into toxic metabolite
◉ Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Answer: Xenobioitic-metabolizing enzymes
Necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids
◉ Role of CYP450
Answer: Detoxification of chemicals
Drug metabolism
◉ CYP450: cyto
, Answer: Binds to cell membrane
◉ CYP450: chrome + p
Answer: Contains heme pigment
◉ CYP450: 450 mm
Answer: Absorbs light at 450 mm wavelength when exposed to
carbon monoxide (CO)
◉ CYP450 system is thought to be ___
Answer: Major system of enzymes responsible for phase 1
metabolism
◉ 3 possible outcomes of phase 1 metabolism
Answer: Oxidized (most common)
Reduced
Hydrolyzed
◉ Oxidation
Answer: Drug becomes completely inactive
◉ Reduction
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM PREP 2026
MEDICATION SAFETY AND CLINICAL
DECISION MAKING GUIDE
◉ Xenobiotics
Answer: Substances that are foreign to the body
Synthetic chemical compounds
Medications
All can potentially adversely affect the body
*Occasionally can be transformed into toxic metabolite
◉ Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Answer: Xenobioitic-metabolizing enzymes
Necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids
◉ Role of CYP450
Answer: Detoxification of chemicals
Drug metabolism
◉ CYP450: cyto
, Answer: Binds to cell membrane
◉ CYP450: chrome + p
Answer: Contains heme pigment
◉ CYP450: 450 mm
Answer: Absorbs light at 450 mm wavelength when exposed to
carbon monoxide (CO)
◉ CYP450 system is thought to be ___
Answer: Major system of enzymes responsible for phase 1
metabolism
◉ 3 possible outcomes of phase 1 metabolism
Answer: Oxidized (most common)
Reduced
Hydrolyzed
◉ Oxidation
Answer: Drug becomes completely inactive
◉ Reduction