B.
C.
D.
Fundamental of nursing exam 4:
2026/2027 Frequently Most Tested
Questions and 100% Accurate From
Past papers | Graded A+ , Reviewed
and Updated | 100% Guarantee Pass |
Latest Exam and Newest Version!!!
,A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the medical records of a group of clients. Which of
the following clients is at risk for iron deficiency? (Select all that apply.)
a. A client who is postmenopausal
b. A client who is a vegetarian
c. A middle adult male client
d. A client who is pregnant
e. A toddler who is overweight
✔️ Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale:
Iron deficiency occurs when intake or absorption does not meet increased physiological
demand or when dietary sources are inadequate. Vegetarians (Option B) are at risk because
plant-based iron (non-heme iron) is less efficiently absorbed. Pregnant clients (Option D)
have increased iron requirements due to expanded blood volume and fetal development.
Toddlers (Option E), especially those consuming excessive milk or low-nutrient diets, are at
high risk due to inadequate iron intake.
Options A and C are incorrect because postmenopausal individuals and adult males generally
have stable iron requirements without increased physiological demand.
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client in the
ventrogluteal site. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to correctly identify
this injection site?
a. Place the heel of the hand over the greater trochanter with the thumb pointing toward
the client's groin
b. Palpate the anterior iliac spine and the iliac crest to locate the triangle
c. Locate the site at the midpoint of the vastus lateralis muscle
d. Position the client prone with toes turned inward
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The ventrogluteal site is identified by palpating the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac
crest, forming a V-shaped triangle with the index and middle fingers. This site is preferred
for intramuscular injections in adults because it is free of major nerves and blood vessels and
provides a deep muscle mass for medication absorption. Option A describes the dorsogluteal
site, which is no longer recommended due to proximity to the sciatic nerve. Option C
describes the vastus lateralis site, which is commonly used in infants and children. Option D
describes positioning for the dorsogluteal site but does not correctly identify the
ventrogluteal landmarks.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to ensure accurate collection of this specimen?
a. Discard the first voiding of the collection period
b. Keep the collection container at room temperature throughout the collection period
c. Instruct the client to void at the end of the collection period and add this specimen to the
container
d. Begin the collection with the first morning void and include all subsequent voids
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
For a 24-hour urine collection, the nurse should discard the first voiding at the start of the
,collection period and then collect all subsequent urine for the next 24 hours, including the
final void at the end of the period. This ensures that the sample represents a complete 24-
hour metabolic output. The container should be refrigerated or placed on ice to prevent
bacterial growth and degradation of urine components, making Option B incorrect. Option C
describes including the final void, which is correct, but the question asks for the action to
ensure accuracy, and discarding the first void is the critical step to prevent overcollection.
Option D incorrectly includes the first morning void at the beginning.
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client who reports difficulty sleeping.
Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to best assess the client's sleep
patterns?
a. "Do you take any medications to help you sleep?"
b. "How many hours of sleep do you typically get each night?"
c. "What time do you usually go to bed and wake up?"
d. "Can you describe a typical night's sleep from when you go to bed until you wake up?"
✔️ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The open-ended question "Can you describe a typical night's sleep from when you go to bed
until you wake up?" allows the client to provide a comprehensive narrative of their sleep
experience, including sleep latency, nighttime awakenings, and early morning wakening. This
approach yields the most detailed and accurate assessment of sleep patterns. Options A, B,
and C provide useful information but are closed-ended and may miss important contextual
details about sleep quality and disturbances.
A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of a newly prescribed low-sodium diet. Which
of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a. "I can still use regular soy sauce as long as I don't use table salt"
b. "I should avoid canned vegetables and choose fresh or frozen ones instead"
c. "I can eat processed cheese because it has less sodium than natural cheese"
d. "I can continue to eat bacon as long as I drain the fat after cooking"
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Canned vegetables typically contain high amounts of added sodium as a preservative and
flavor enhancer. Choosing fresh or frozen vegetables without added sauces allows the client
to control sodium intake effectively. Option A is incorrect because regular soy sauce is very
high in sodium. Option C is incorrect because processed cheeses generally have higher
sodium content than natural cheeses. Option D is incorrect because bacon is processed and
high in sodium, and draining fat does not reduce sodium content.
A nurse is assessing a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
a. Decreased respiratory rate
b. Bradypnea
c. Crackles heard on auscultation
d. Hyperresonance on percussion
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, producing
adventitious breath sounds such as crackles (also called rales) on auscultation. These sounds
, are caused by air passing through fluid-filled airways. Option A is incorrect because
respiratory rate typically increases (tachypnea) in response to hypoxia and fever. Option B is
incorrect as bradypnea is not associated with pneumonia. Option D is incorrect because
dullness, not hyperresonance, is expected on percussion over areas of consolidation.
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin to a client. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
a. Aspirate for blood return before injecting the medication
b. Massage the injection site after administering the medication
c. Administer the injection in the abdomen at least 2 inches away from the umbilicus
d. Use a 22-gauge needle for the injection
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Heparin is administered subcutaneously in the abdomen, at least 2 inches away from the
umbilicus, to ensure proper absorption and avoid inadvertent intramuscular injection. The
abdominal site provides consistent absorption and is easily accessible. Option A is incorrect
because aspiration is not recommended for subcutaneous heparin injections as it can cause
tissue damage and hematoma formation. Option B is incorrect because massaging the site
can cause bruising and hematoma. Option D is incorrect because heparin is typically
administered with a small-gauge needle (25-27 gauge) to minimize tissue trauma.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which of
the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "I should check my blood pressure at different times of the day"
b. "I will need to take my medication even when I feel fine"
c. "I can stop taking my medication when my blood pressure is normal"
d. "I should limit my sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day"
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hypertension is a chronic condition requiring lifelong management. Stopping
antihypertensive medication when blood pressure normalizes is dangerous and indicates a
need for further teaching, as this can lead to rebound hypertension and increased
cardiovascular risk. Option A reflects appropriate self-monitoring. Option B demonstrates
understanding of medication adherence despite asymptomatic status. Option D reflects
appropriate knowledge of dietary recommendations.
A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which
of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
a. Serosanguineous drainage on the surgical dressing
b. Oral temperature of 37.5°C (99.5°F)
c. Wound edges that are approximated
d. Reports of pain at the surgical site
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
While serosanguineous drainage (pink-tinged fluid) is expected in the immediate
postoperative period, the presence of this drainage on the dressing on postoperative day 2
requires assessment for infection or wound dehiscence. However, Option A requires
clarification; if the drainage is excessive or has changed character, it should be reported.
The question may be testing recognition that any unexpected drainage requires notification.
C.
D.
Fundamental of nursing exam 4:
2026/2027 Frequently Most Tested
Questions and 100% Accurate From
Past papers | Graded A+ , Reviewed
and Updated | 100% Guarantee Pass |
Latest Exam and Newest Version!!!
,A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the medical records of a group of clients. Which of
the following clients is at risk for iron deficiency? (Select all that apply.)
a. A client who is postmenopausal
b. A client who is a vegetarian
c. A middle adult male client
d. A client who is pregnant
e. A toddler who is overweight
✔️ Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale:
Iron deficiency occurs when intake or absorption does not meet increased physiological
demand or when dietary sources are inadequate. Vegetarians (Option B) are at risk because
plant-based iron (non-heme iron) is less efficiently absorbed. Pregnant clients (Option D)
have increased iron requirements due to expanded blood volume and fetal development.
Toddlers (Option E), especially those consuming excessive milk or low-nutrient diets, are at
high risk due to inadequate iron intake.
Options A and C are incorrect because postmenopausal individuals and adult males generally
have stable iron requirements without increased physiological demand.
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client in the
ventrogluteal site. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to correctly identify
this injection site?
a. Place the heel of the hand over the greater trochanter with the thumb pointing toward
the client's groin
b. Palpate the anterior iliac spine and the iliac crest to locate the triangle
c. Locate the site at the midpoint of the vastus lateralis muscle
d. Position the client prone with toes turned inward
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The ventrogluteal site is identified by palpating the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac
crest, forming a V-shaped triangle with the index and middle fingers. This site is preferred
for intramuscular injections in adults because it is free of major nerves and blood vessels and
provides a deep muscle mass for medication absorption. Option A describes the dorsogluteal
site, which is no longer recommended due to proximity to the sciatic nerve. Option C
describes the vastus lateralis site, which is commonly used in infants and children. Option D
describes positioning for the dorsogluteal site but does not correctly identify the
ventrogluteal landmarks.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to ensure accurate collection of this specimen?
a. Discard the first voiding of the collection period
b. Keep the collection container at room temperature throughout the collection period
c. Instruct the client to void at the end of the collection period and add this specimen to the
container
d. Begin the collection with the first morning void and include all subsequent voids
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
For a 24-hour urine collection, the nurse should discard the first voiding at the start of the
,collection period and then collect all subsequent urine for the next 24 hours, including the
final void at the end of the period. This ensures that the sample represents a complete 24-
hour metabolic output. The container should be refrigerated or placed on ice to prevent
bacterial growth and degradation of urine components, making Option B incorrect. Option C
describes including the final void, which is correct, but the question asks for the action to
ensure accuracy, and discarding the first void is the critical step to prevent overcollection.
Option D incorrectly includes the first morning void at the beginning.
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client who reports difficulty sleeping.
Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to best assess the client's sleep
patterns?
a. "Do you take any medications to help you sleep?"
b. "How many hours of sleep do you typically get each night?"
c. "What time do you usually go to bed and wake up?"
d. "Can you describe a typical night's sleep from when you go to bed until you wake up?"
✔️ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The open-ended question "Can you describe a typical night's sleep from when you go to bed
until you wake up?" allows the client to provide a comprehensive narrative of their sleep
experience, including sleep latency, nighttime awakenings, and early morning wakening. This
approach yields the most detailed and accurate assessment of sleep patterns. Options A, B,
and C provide useful information but are closed-ended and may miss important contextual
details about sleep quality and disturbances.
A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of a newly prescribed low-sodium diet. Which
of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a. "I can still use regular soy sauce as long as I don't use table salt"
b. "I should avoid canned vegetables and choose fresh or frozen ones instead"
c. "I can eat processed cheese because it has less sodium than natural cheese"
d. "I can continue to eat bacon as long as I drain the fat after cooking"
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Canned vegetables typically contain high amounts of added sodium as a preservative and
flavor enhancer. Choosing fresh or frozen vegetables without added sauces allows the client
to control sodium intake effectively. Option A is incorrect because regular soy sauce is very
high in sodium. Option C is incorrect because processed cheeses generally have higher
sodium content than natural cheeses. Option D is incorrect because bacon is processed and
high in sodium, and draining fat does not reduce sodium content.
A nurse is assessing a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
a. Decreased respiratory rate
b. Bradypnea
c. Crackles heard on auscultation
d. Hyperresonance on percussion
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, producing
adventitious breath sounds such as crackles (also called rales) on auscultation. These sounds
, are caused by air passing through fluid-filled airways. Option A is incorrect because
respiratory rate typically increases (tachypnea) in response to hypoxia and fever. Option B is
incorrect as bradypnea is not associated with pneumonia. Option D is incorrect because
dullness, not hyperresonance, is expected on percussion over areas of consolidation.
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin to a client. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
a. Aspirate for blood return before injecting the medication
b. Massage the injection site after administering the medication
c. Administer the injection in the abdomen at least 2 inches away from the umbilicus
d. Use a 22-gauge needle for the injection
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Heparin is administered subcutaneously in the abdomen, at least 2 inches away from the
umbilicus, to ensure proper absorption and avoid inadvertent intramuscular injection. The
abdominal site provides consistent absorption and is easily accessible. Option A is incorrect
because aspiration is not recommended for subcutaneous heparin injections as it can cause
tissue damage and hematoma formation. Option B is incorrect because massaging the site
can cause bruising and hematoma. Option D is incorrect because heparin is typically
administered with a small-gauge needle (25-27 gauge) to minimize tissue trauma.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which of
the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "I should check my blood pressure at different times of the day"
b. "I will need to take my medication even when I feel fine"
c. "I can stop taking my medication when my blood pressure is normal"
d. "I should limit my sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day"
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hypertension is a chronic condition requiring lifelong management. Stopping
antihypertensive medication when blood pressure normalizes is dangerous and indicates a
need for further teaching, as this can lead to rebound hypertension and increased
cardiovascular risk. Option A reflects appropriate self-monitoring. Option B demonstrates
understanding of medication adherence despite asymptomatic status. Option D reflects
appropriate knowledge of dietary recommendations.
A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which
of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
a. Serosanguineous drainage on the surgical dressing
b. Oral temperature of 37.5°C (99.5°F)
c. Wound edges that are approximated
d. Reports of pain at the surgical site
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
While serosanguineous drainage (pink-tinged fluid) is expected in the immediate
postoperative period, the presence of this drainage on the dressing on postoperative day 2
requires assessment for infection or wound dehiscence. However, Option A requires
clarification; if the drainage is excessive or has changed character, it should be reported.
The question may be testing recognition that any unexpected drainage requires notification.
