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Blood banking exam 1
A one step test that detects in vivo coating of an individuals red blood cells with
IgG or complement - CORRECT ANSWER-Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
When are positive DATs seen? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute and delayed
hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoantibodies, and drug induced hemolytic
events
After getting a positive DAT how can it be evaluated further? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Elution and adsorption
Removing an antibody that is attached to the surface of a red blood cell (acidic
glycine may be used) - CORRECT ANSWER-Elution
Procedure to bind antibodies to red blood cell antigens in order to remove
antibodies from plasma and analyze antibodies that may remain behind -
CORRECT ANSWER-Adsorption
An antibody formed in response to pregnancy or transfusion targeted against an
antigen that is not present on persons red blood cell - CORRECT
ANSWER-Alloantibody
What is the anti-A1 lectin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dolichos biflorus
What is the anti-H lectin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ulex europeaus
An antibody that is targeted against antigens that are present on the patient own
red cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoantibody
Check cells are red blood cells coated with what? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgG
Done to check for the presence of antibody and/or complement coating red cells
following incubation with serum or plasma - CORRECT ANSWER-Indirect anti
globulin test
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The IAT is ______ testing and requires a ______phase - CORRECT ANSWER-In
vitro
Incubation phase
DCe - CORRECT ANSWER-R1
DcE - CORRECT ANSWER-R2
DCE - CORRECT ANSWER-Rz
Dce - CORRECT ANSWER-R
dCe - CORRECT ANSWER-r'
dcE - CORRECT ANSWER-r2
dCE - CORRECT ANSWER-ry
dce - CORRECT ANSWER-r
Gene that makes ABO precursor on the red cells - CORRECT ANSWER-FUT1
Gene that makes precursor that makes soluble in body fluids - CORRECT
ANSWER-FUT 2
Gene encodes lewis antigens - CORRECT ANSWER-FUT3
What is the name of the precursor substance from which A and B antigens are
made? - CORRECT ANSWER-H
What is the terminal sugar on this precursor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fucose
What sugar must be added to the precursor for A antigens to be expressed? -
CORRECT ANSWER-N- acetylgalactosamine
What sugar must be added to the precursor for B antigens to be expressed? -
CORRECT ANSWER-galactose
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When are A and B antigens first seen? - CORRECT ANSWER-5-6 weeks of
gestation
When should people have their adult antigen set? - CORRECT ANSWER-3-4
years old
A and B are _____ while O is an _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-codominant,
amorph
What are the weak sub groups of A and their occurrence? - CORRECT
ANSWER-A1, A2, A3, Ax, Am, Ael
How would you detect Ax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Use monoclonal antibodies
How would you detect Ael? - CORRECT ANSWER-By doing an elution
____ and _____ are capable of glycosalating different structures that are more
complicated - CORRECT ANSWER-A1 and A1B
________ can only glycosalate simple structures - CORRECT
ANSWER-subgroups of A
5-10 times more active than the enzyme that makes the A2 antigen - CORRECT
ANSWER-A1 enzyme
Anti- A and Anti-B are predominately ____ antibodies that titer to about ___ to
____ - CORRECT ANSWER-IgM, 16-32
If there is no group O blood what blood should be given to group O people? -
CORRECT ANSWER-group B because it reacts less strongly
It is very frequent to have an ABO discrepancy in an ___ patient - CORRECT
ANSWER-AB
People who possess normal A or B genes but unable to express them because
they lack the H antigen (hh) - CORRECT ANSWER-Bombay
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ABO discrepancies occur mostly in the _____ typing - CORRECT
ANSWER-reverse
How do you get rid of roulaux? - CORRECT ANSWER-saline replacement
What ABO types have thee most to least H antigens? - CORRECT ANSWER-O
> A2> B > A2B > A1 > A1B
Which ABO types make an auto anti H? - CORRECT ANSWER-A1 and A1B
Have an H deficit but have a functional FUT2 gene which is capable of secreting
A, B and H antigens - CORRECT ANSWER-para bombays
To be a secretor you must have the ____ or ____ gene - CORRECT
ANSWER-SeSe or Sese
The ___ gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on red blood cells -
CORRECT ANSWER-H gene
What type does bombay people type as? - CORRECT ANSWER-type O
What is the bombay phenotype? - CORRECT ANSWER-hh
A functional FUT3 results in the production of _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lea
_______________ is the only RBC antigen that aren't made by RBCs and are
not a part of the RBC membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Lewis system
________ are absorbed on red blood cells and stick to the membrane and
become what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lewis antigens become glycolipids
____ takes preference over ____ when being abdorbed on the RBC membrane -
CORRECT ANSWER-Leb over Lea
You cannot make and ____ without ____ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lea without Leb
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Blood banking exam 1
A one step test that detects in vivo coating of an individuals red blood cells with
IgG or complement - CORRECT ANSWER-Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
When are positive DATs seen? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute and delayed
hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoantibodies, and drug induced hemolytic
events
After getting a positive DAT how can it be evaluated further? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Elution and adsorption
Removing an antibody that is attached to the surface of a red blood cell (acidic
glycine may be used) - CORRECT ANSWER-Elution
Procedure to bind antibodies to red blood cell antigens in order to remove
antibodies from plasma and analyze antibodies that may remain behind -
CORRECT ANSWER-Adsorption
An antibody formed in response to pregnancy or transfusion targeted against an
antigen that is not present on persons red blood cell - CORRECT
ANSWER-Alloantibody
What is the anti-A1 lectin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dolichos biflorus
What is the anti-H lectin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ulex europeaus
An antibody that is targeted against antigens that are present on the patient own
red cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoantibody
Check cells are red blood cells coated with what? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgG
Done to check for the presence of antibody and/or complement coating red cells
following incubation with serum or plasma - CORRECT ANSWER-Indirect anti
globulin test
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The IAT is ______ testing and requires a ______phase - CORRECT ANSWER-In
vitro
Incubation phase
DCe - CORRECT ANSWER-R1
DcE - CORRECT ANSWER-R2
DCE - CORRECT ANSWER-Rz
Dce - CORRECT ANSWER-R
dCe - CORRECT ANSWER-r'
dcE - CORRECT ANSWER-r2
dCE - CORRECT ANSWER-ry
dce - CORRECT ANSWER-r
Gene that makes ABO precursor on the red cells - CORRECT ANSWER-FUT1
Gene that makes precursor that makes soluble in body fluids - CORRECT
ANSWER-FUT 2
Gene encodes lewis antigens - CORRECT ANSWER-FUT3
What is the name of the precursor substance from which A and B antigens are
made? - CORRECT ANSWER-H
What is the terminal sugar on this precursor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fucose
What sugar must be added to the precursor for A antigens to be expressed? -
CORRECT ANSWER-N- acetylgalactosamine
What sugar must be added to the precursor for B antigens to be expressed? -
CORRECT ANSWER-galactose
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When are A and B antigens first seen? - CORRECT ANSWER-5-6 weeks of
gestation
When should people have their adult antigen set? - CORRECT ANSWER-3-4
years old
A and B are _____ while O is an _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-codominant,
amorph
What are the weak sub groups of A and their occurrence? - CORRECT
ANSWER-A1, A2, A3, Ax, Am, Ael
How would you detect Ax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Use monoclonal antibodies
How would you detect Ael? - CORRECT ANSWER-By doing an elution
____ and _____ are capable of glycosalating different structures that are more
complicated - CORRECT ANSWER-A1 and A1B
________ can only glycosalate simple structures - CORRECT
ANSWER-subgroups of A
5-10 times more active than the enzyme that makes the A2 antigen - CORRECT
ANSWER-A1 enzyme
Anti- A and Anti-B are predominately ____ antibodies that titer to about ___ to
____ - CORRECT ANSWER-IgM, 16-32
If there is no group O blood what blood should be given to group O people? -
CORRECT ANSWER-group B because it reacts less strongly
It is very frequent to have an ABO discrepancy in an ___ patient - CORRECT
ANSWER-AB
People who possess normal A or B genes but unable to express them because
they lack the H antigen (hh) - CORRECT ANSWER-Bombay
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ABO discrepancies occur mostly in the _____ typing - CORRECT
ANSWER-reverse
How do you get rid of roulaux? - CORRECT ANSWER-saline replacement
What ABO types have thee most to least H antigens? - CORRECT ANSWER-O
> A2> B > A2B > A1 > A1B
Which ABO types make an auto anti H? - CORRECT ANSWER-A1 and A1B
Have an H deficit but have a functional FUT2 gene which is capable of secreting
A, B and H antigens - CORRECT ANSWER-para bombays
To be a secretor you must have the ____ or ____ gene - CORRECT
ANSWER-SeSe or Sese
The ___ gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on red blood cells -
CORRECT ANSWER-H gene
What type does bombay people type as? - CORRECT ANSWER-type O
What is the bombay phenotype? - CORRECT ANSWER-hh
A functional FUT3 results in the production of _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lea
_______________ is the only RBC antigen that aren't made by RBCs and are
not a part of the RBC membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Lewis system
________ are absorbed on red blood cells and stick to the membrane and
become what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lewis antigens become glycolipids
____ takes preference over ____ when being abdorbed on the RBC membrane -
CORRECT ANSWER-Leb over Lea
You cannot make and ____ without ____ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lea without Leb
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