BSN Midterm Anatomy Review 2026/2027 UPDATE
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Which cellular organelle is responsible for generating the majority of the cell’s
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce
ATP through aerobic respiration.
2. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: B
Rationale: Epithelial tissue functions as a protective barrier and is involved in secretion
and absorption across surfaces.
,3. In anatomical terminology, which term describes a structure that is further
away from the midline of the body?
A. Lateral
B. Proximal
C. Medial
D. Distal
Answer: A
Rationale: Lateral refers to structures located toward the side, away from the body’s
midline.
4. Which bone cell is responsible for the resorption or breakdown of bone
matrix?
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteoclast
D. Osteogenic cell
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that dissolve bone minerals and
matrix for remodeling and calcium release.
5. The ‘master gland’ of the endocrine system, which regulates other glands, is
the:
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the functions of other
endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals.
, 6. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the
left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral (Bicuspid) valve
D. Aortic valve
Answer: C
Rationale: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle, ensuring
one-way blood flow.
7. Where does the majority of gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
A. Trachea
B. Alveoli
C. Bronchi
D. Pharynx
Answer: B
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs with thin walls that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to
diffuse between the air and blood.
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Gallbladder
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder until needed for digestion.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Which cellular organelle is responsible for generating the majority of the cell’s
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce
ATP through aerobic respiration.
2. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: B
Rationale: Epithelial tissue functions as a protective barrier and is involved in secretion
and absorption across surfaces.
,3. In anatomical terminology, which term describes a structure that is further
away from the midline of the body?
A. Lateral
B. Proximal
C. Medial
D. Distal
Answer: A
Rationale: Lateral refers to structures located toward the side, away from the body’s
midline.
4. Which bone cell is responsible for the resorption or breakdown of bone
matrix?
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteoclast
D. Osteogenic cell
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that dissolve bone minerals and
matrix for remodeling and calcium release.
5. The ‘master gland’ of the endocrine system, which regulates other glands, is
the:
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the functions of other
endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals.
, 6. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the
left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral (Bicuspid) valve
D. Aortic valve
Answer: C
Rationale: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle, ensuring
one-way blood flow.
7. Where does the majority of gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
A. Trachea
B. Alveoli
C. Bronchi
D. Pharynx
Answer: B
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs with thin walls that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to
diffuse between the air and blood.
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Gallbladder
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder until needed for digestion.
