KNAPP BIOL2321 UNIT 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CH 22) Nitrification - Correct Answers -NH4+----> NO3- (Lithotrophy)
Oxidation of NH4+ provides electrons, energy.
associated with assimilatory nitrate reduction which makes NO3- into biomass for the
microbe
CH 14) Where are electron transport components of the chain located in a bacterial cell
and how are they arranged? - Correct Answers -In its plasma membrane.... It includes
an initial substrate oxidoreductase, quinone/quinol electron carriers, and a terminal
cytochrome oxidase
A-D are true regarding fermentation reactions, EXCEPT:
They are considered incomplete oxidation
They supply NAD+ for the oxidation of glucose
They produce ATP via an ATPase (ATP synthase)
They operate in the absence of oxygen
two of the above are correct - Correct Answers -C. They produce ATP via an ATPase
(ATP synthase)
An example of anabolism is...?
glucose oxidation to pyruvate.
breakdown of starch or glycogen to glucose.
ATP formation
oxidation of fats to carbon dioxide and water.
NONE of A-D are examples of anabolism - Correct Answers -C.) ATP Formation
An organism is classified as a heterotroph or autotroph based on the type of ________
it utilizes..
nitrogen source
,none of the above
respiration source (e.g., oxygen or other)
carbon source - Correct Answers -D.) Carbon source
CH 1 What is spontaneous generation? - Correct Answers -Life from non-life
(abiogenesis)
CH 1) Describe Pasteur's work with fermentation. What was the significance of this? -
Correct Answers -He studied the fermentation of wine and found out yeast carry out
fermentation in the absence of O2, producing alcohol. Maybe microbes can convert
organic material into disease???
CH 1) Describe the work of John Tyndall - what did he discover? - Correct Answers -He
did the same work as Pasteur but discovered endospores that required repeated cycles
of heat and rest in order to kill (autoclave)
ch 1) endosymbiont theory of eukaryote evolution - Correct Answers -respiring
proteobacteria engiulfed by pre eukaryotes---> mitochondria
phototrophic cyanobacteria englufed by pre eukaryotes---> chloroplast
evidence suggest pre- eukaryotes are archaea
CH 1) Robert Koch's Germ Theory of Disease? - Correct Answers -Microbe-disease
connection and established chain of infection
CH 1) Robert Koch's Theory behind pure culture? - Correct Answers -Pure cultures only
contain a single strain or species of microorganisms in order to distinguish microbes
from tissues and other microbes
CH 1) What are antibiotics? antisepsis? disinfectants? - Correct Answers -Antibiotics-
ingest to prevent the growth of microbes
Antisepsis- put on living tissue to prevent the growth of microbes
Disinfectant- put on inanimate object to prevent growth
CH 1) What are Koch's Postulates? Why are they not always applicable? - Correct
Answers -1. the microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is absent in healthy
individuals
2. The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. When a microbe is introduced into a healthy susceptible host, the same disease
occurs
4. The same stain of microbe is obtained from the newly deceased host
, NOT always applicable: asymptomatic carriers, all microbes cannot be grown in pure
culture, absence of animal host having same disease as humans, diff pathogens can
cause diff diseases
CH 1) What are lithotrophs? - Correct Answers -Lithotrophs or chemoautotrophs use
inorganic materials for growth
ch 1) What are the different members of microbes? - Correct Answers -a microbe can
either be prokaryotic (no nucleus): bacteria, archaea or microbes can be eukaryotic
(nucleus): algae, protozoa, or fungi
viruses inside a host cell are an exception and can also be included
CH 1) What is a microbe and what are the contradictions to this definition? - Correct
Answers -a living prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism that requires a microscope to be
seen.
Contradictions include...
1.) some cells being able to see with naked eye (supersized cells)
2.being able to form multicellular appendages (biofilms)
3.) multicellular micro-ANIMALS not MICROBES.
4.) Viruses are considered acellular microbes
CH 1) What is metagenomics and how has this advanced what we know about
microbes? - Correct Answers -Method to discover and identify microbes without
culturing them (helps in biotech, pharm, etc...)
ch 1) what is microbial endosymbiosis? - Correct Answers -an association with two
species where one grows inside the body of another organism (many microbes live in
endosymbiosis with multicellular organisms)
CH 1) What is the principle of immunization? What is vaccination? - Correct Answers -
immunization - (molecular comp of pathogen) antigens stimulating the body's immune
system providing immunity
Vaccination- use of an attenuated, less virulent form of pathogen
CH 1) What was Louis Pasteur's contribution to disproving the theory of Spontaneous
Generation? - Correct Answers -Pasteur refutes the idea that 02 is needed for growth
by swan neck experiment
CH 1) What were Edward Jenner's and Pasteur's contributions to immunization? -
Correct Answers -Jenner used an attenuated version of cowpox to vaccinate
Pasteur used attenuated vaccines for rabies
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CH 22) Nitrification - Correct Answers -NH4+----> NO3- (Lithotrophy)
Oxidation of NH4+ provides electrons, energy.
associated with assimilatory nitrate reduction which makes NO3- into biomass for the
microbe
CH 14) Where are electron transport components of the chain located in a bacterial cell
and how are they arranged? - Correct Answers -In its plasma membrane.... It includes
an initial substrate oxidoreductase, quinone/quinol electron carriers, and a terminal
cytochrome oxidase
A-D are true regarding fermentation reactions, EXCEPT:
They are considered incomplete oxidation
They supply NAD+ for the oxidation of glucose
They produce ATP via an ATPase (ATP synthase)
They operate in the absence of oxygen
two of the above are correct - Correct Answers -C. They produce ATP via an ATPase
(ATP synthase)
An example of anabolism is...?
glucose oxidation to pyruvate.
breakdown of starch or glycogen to glucose.
ATP formation
oxidation of fats to carbon dioxide and water.
NONE of A-D are examples of anabolism - Correct Answers -C.) ATP Formation
An organism is classified as a heterotroph or autotroph based on the type of ________
it utilizes..
nitrogen source
,none of the above
respiration source (e.g., oxygen or other)
carbon source - Correct Answers -D.) Carbon source
CH 1 What is spontaneous generation? - Correct Answers -Life from non-life
(abiogenesis)
CH 1) Describe Pasteur's work with fermentation. What was the significance of this? -
Correct Answers -He studied the fermentation of wine and found out yeast carry out
fermentation in the absence of O2, producing alcohol. Maybe microbes can convert
organic material into disease???
CH 1) Describe the work of John Tyndall - what did he discover? - Correct Answers -He
did the same work as Pasteur but discovered endospores that required repeated cycles
of heat and rest in order to kill (autoclave)
ch 1) endosymbiont theory of eukaryote evolution - Correct Answers -respiring
proteobacteria engiulfed by pre eukaryotes---> mitochondria
phototrophic cyanobacteria englufed by pre eukaryotes---> chloroplast
evidence suggest pre- eukaryotes are archaea
CH 1) Robert Koch's Germ Theory of Disease? - Correct Answers -Microbe-disease
connection and established chain of infection
CH 1) Robert Koch's Theory behind pure culture? - Correct Answers -Pure cultures only
contain a single strain or species of microorganisms in order to distinguish microbes
from tissues and other microbes
CH 1) What are antibiotics? antisepsis? disinfectants? - Correct Answers -Antibiotics-
ingest to prevent the growth of microbes
Antisepsis- put on living tissue to prevent the growth of microbes
Disinfectant- put on inanimate object to prevent growth
CH 1) What are Koch's Postulates? Why are they not always applicable? - Correct
Answers -1. the microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is absent in healthy
individuals
2. The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. When a microbe is introduced into a healthy susceptible host, the same disease
occurs
4. The same stain of microbe is obtained from the newly deceased host
, NOT always applicable: asymptomatic carriers, all microbes cannot be grown in pure
culture, absence of animal host having same disease as humans, diff pathogens can
cause diff diseases
CH 1) What are lithotrophs? - Correct Answers -Lithotrophs or chemoautotrophs use
inorganic materials for growth
ch 1) What are the different members of microbes? - Correct Answers -a microbe can
either be prokaryotic (no nucleus): bacteria, archaea or microbes can be eukaryotic
(nucleus): algae, protozoa, or fungi
viruses inside a host cell are an exception and can also be included
CH 1) What is a microbe and what are the contradictions to this definition? - Correct
Answers -a living prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism that requires a microscope to be
seen.
Contradictions include...
1.) some cells being able to see with naked eye (supersized cells)
2.being able to form multicellular appendages (biofilms)
3.) multicellular micro-ANIMALS not MICROBES.
4.) Viruses are considered acellular microbes
CH 1) What is metagenomics and how has this advanced what we know about
microbes? - Correct Answers -Method to discover and identify microbes without
culturing them (helps in biotech, pharm, etc...)
ch 1) what is microbial endosymbiosis? - Correct Answers -an association with two
species where one grows inside the body of another organism (many microbes live in
endosymbiosis with multicellular organisms)
CH 1) What is the principle of immunization? What is vaccination? - Correct Answers -
immunization - (molecular comp of pathogen) antigens stimulating the body's immune
system providing immunity
Vaccination- use of an attenuated, less virulent form of pathogen
CH 1) What was Louis Pasteur's contribution to disproving the theory of Spontaneous
Generation? - Correct Answers -Pasteur refutes the idea that 02 is needed for growth
by swan neck experiment
CH 1) What were Edward Jenner's and Pasteur's contributions to immunization? -
Correct Answers -Jenner used an attenuated version of cowpox to vaccinate
Pasteur used attenuated vaccines for rabies
