Peds - Hematology | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

Peds - Hematology | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: History: Anemia
Answer: Diet for nutritional deficiencies, growth/development, chronic medical conditions, potential sources of
blood loss

Question: PE: Anemia
Answer: Poor growth -> consider chronic disease or hypothyroidism Petechiae/purpura -> leukemia, aplastic
anemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome Generalized lymphadenopathy -> consider leukemia, juvenile RA HIV
Splenomegaly -> sickle cell, leukemia, hypersplenism

Question: Physiologic anemia nadir age
Answer: 6-9 weeks of age (normal hemoglobin drop to 10-11 g/dL from 14 g/dL at birth) -> no treatment
needed

Question: Pathologic newborn anemia threshold
Answer: Hemoglobin <13.5 g/dL within the first month of life. Anemia lower than what is seen with physiologic
(<9g/dL)

Question: 0-3 months common pathologic causes
Answer: Blood loss, immune hemolytic disease (Rh or ABO incompatibility), G6PD deficiency

Question: 3-6 months: Anemia
Answer: Pathology; Hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic anemia

Question: Nutritional iron deficiency is an unlikely cause when?
Answer: <6 months of age

Question: Most common cause of anemia from 6 months to school age
Answer: Iron deficiency.

Question: Adolescents: Anemia
Answer: Increased risk of iron def. due to -> onset of menarche and growth

Question: Sickle cell disease pathophysiology
Answer: Polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S, causing erythrocyte distortion, hemolysis, and
vaso-occlusion.




Question: Sickle cell anemia vs sickle cell trait
Answer: Sickle cell anemia -> homozygous (most severe) Sickle cell trait -> heterozygous (less severe)

, Question: Symptoms in sickle cell are related to?
Answer: Hemolytic anemia, tissue ischemia, organ dysfunction caused by vaso-occlusion

Question: PE: Sickle cell anemia
Answer: Often normal at birth -> by age 1 often pallor, fatigue, jaundice

Question: Most common initial manifestation of sickle cell anemia
Answer: Dactylitis (occurs in about 50% of patients by age 1).

Question: Labs: Sickle cell anemia
Answer: Hemoglobin: 7-10 g/dL, normocytic or macrocytic, peripheral smear (sickle cells), fractionation
(Hemoglobin S)

Question: Hydroxyurea mechanism in sickle cell management
Answer: Increases fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) levels to reduce complications and improve survival




Question: Prophylactic antibiotic for sickle cell patients aged 2 months to 5 years
Answer: Daily penicillin (due to functional asplenia and infection risk).

Question: Vaccination
Answer: Critical in sickle cell anemia: COVID, influenza, pneumonia, meningococcus

Question: Spleen: Sickle cell anemia
Answer: Congestion of the spleen with sickled cells, splenomegaly, functional asplenia as early as 3 months ->
increases infection risk (encapsulated organisms)

Question: Splenic sequestration crisis triad
Answer: Acute anemia (Hgb drop >2 g/dL), splenomegaly, and hypovolemic shock = medical emergency

Question: Acute chest syndrome definition
Answer: New acute pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray plus respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath,
fever).

Question: Acute chest syndrome is the most common cause of?
Answer: Death

Question: Stroke: Sickle cell anemia
Answer: Transcranial doppler and primary pervention significantly decrease strokes

Question: Severe H/A, alerted mental status, slurred speech, seizures, paralysis
Answer: Stroke evaluation