BIOD 322 Neuroscience Module 5 Exam: Neurological
Disorders, Stroke, Epilepsy, Neurodegenerative Disease,
and Trauma Exam 2026/2027 UPDATE UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Which type of stroke is caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, usually due to
a blood clot?
A. Ischemic stroke
B. Hemorrhagic stroke
C. Transient Ischemic Attack
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Answer: A
Rationale: An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is
obstructed by a clot (thrombus or embolus).
2. In Parkinson’s disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons primarily occurs in
which brain region?
A. Substantia Nigra
B. Cerebellum
C. Hippocampus
D. Amygdala
Answer: A
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-
producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
,3. Which pathological feature is most characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
B. Demyelination of axons
C. Lewy bodies
D. Loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord
Answer: A
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is defined by the accumulation of extracellular beta-
amyloid plaques and intracellular tau-protein tangles.
4. A ‘mini-stroke’ that resolves within 24 hours without permanent damage is
known as:
A. Aura
B. Ischemic core
C. Lacunar infarct
D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Answer: D
Rationale: A TIA is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain
ischemia without evidence of permanent infarction.
5. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is primarily characterized by which of the following?
A. Excessive dopamine production
B. Atrophy of the basal ganglia
C. Demyelination of the central nervous system
D. Neurotransmitter depletion at the neuromuscular junction
Answer: C
Rationale: MS is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin
sheath of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
, 6. Which seizure type involves both hemispheres of the brain from the onset
and usually results in loss of consciousness?
A. Simple partial seizure
B. Complex partial seizure
C. Focal seizure
D. Generalized seizure
Answer: D
Rationale: Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain simultaneously, typically
causing loss of consciousness.
7. What is the primary mechanism of action for the drug tPA (tissue
plasminogen activator) in stroke treatment?
A. Lowering blood pressure
B. Reducing brain swelling
C. Dissolving blood clots
D. Preventing seizure activity
Answer: C
Rationale: tPA is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve clots in patients experiencing an
acute ischemic stroke.
8. In Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a ‘coup’ injury occurs:
A. On the opposite side of the impact
B. Only in the cerebellum
C. At the site of the impact
D. Due to rotational forces alone
Answer: C
Rationale: A coup injury occurs at the point of impact, while a contrecoup injury occurs on
the opposite side as the brain bounces within the skull.
Disorders, Stroke, Epilepsy, Neurodegenerative Disease,
and Trauma Exam 2026/2027 UPDATE UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Which type of stroke is caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, usually due to
a blood clot?
A. Ischemic stroke
B. Hemorrhagic stroke
C. Transient Ischemic Attack
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Answer: A
Rationale: An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is
obstructed by a clot (thrombus or embolus).
2. In Parkinson’s disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons primarily occurs in
which brain region?
A. Substantia Nigra
B. Cerebellum
C. Hippocampus
D. Amygdala
Answer: A
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-
producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
,3. Which pathological feature is most characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
B. Demyelination of axons
C. Lewy bodies
D. Loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord
Answer: A
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is defined by the accumulation of extracellular beta-
amyloid plaques and intracellular tau-protein tangles.
4. A ‘mini-stroke’ that resolves within 24 hours without permanent damage is
known as:
A. Aura
B. Ischemic core
C. Lacunar infarct
D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Answer: D
Rationale: A TIA is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain
ischemia without evidence of permanent infarction.
5. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is primarily characterized by which of the following?
A. Excessive dopamine production
B. Atrophy of the basal ganglia
C. Demyelination of the central nervous system
D. Neurotransmitter depletion at the neuromuscular junction
Answer: C
Rationale: MS is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin
sheath of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
, 6. Which seizure type involves both hemispheres of the brain from the onset
and usually results in loss of consciousness?
A. Simple partial seizure
B. Complex partial seizure
C. Focal seizure
D. Generalized seizure
Answer: D
Rationale: Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain simultaneously, typically
causing loss of consciousness.
7. What is the primary mechanism of action for the drug tPA (tissue
plasminogen activator) in stroke treatment?
A. Lowering blood pressure
B. Reducing brain swelling
C. Dissolving blood clots
D. Preventing seizure activity
Answer: C
Rationale: tPA is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve clots in patients experiencing an
acute ischemic stroke.
8. In Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a ‘coup’ injury occurs:
A. On the opposite side of the impact
B. Only in the cerebellum
C. At the site of the impact
D. Due to rotational forces alone
Answer: C
Rationale: A coup injury occurs at the point of impact, while a contrecoup injury occurs on
the opposite side as the brain bounces within the skull.
