Bio 264 Final Exam Questions with 100%
Verified Correct Answers
What type of joint is immoveable?
Fibrous joints
Name an example of a fibrous immoveable joint.
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
What type of joint is slightly moveable?
Cartilaginous joints
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.
Symphysis (pubis, vertebrae) or synchondroses (nose, ribs to sternum)
What type of joint is freely moveable?
Synovial joints
List the types of synovial joints.
Hinge, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubrication, shock absorption, delivers O2 and nutrients to cartilage
What connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
What is the role of intervertebral discs?
Cushion the spine and absorb shock
,What is an action potential?
Movement of an electrical impulse along a neuron's axon
What happens during depolarization?
Na+ rushes into the axon
What ion must be present for muscle contraction to occur?
Calcium
What neurotransmitter binds to receptors at the motor endplate?
Acetylcholine
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
Detachment and resetting of the myosin heads
What is the first step in the olfactory pathway?
Dissolved odorant binds to receptors/cilia in olfactory epithelium
What are the five basic tastes?
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
Inactivates acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
What occurs during hyperpolarization?
K+ continues to leave the axon, making it more negative
What is the refractory period?
Ensures that action potential moves in only one direction
, What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?
Releases calcium ions into the sarcoplasm
What is the sliding filament theory?
Describes how myosin heads pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere during contraction
What happens during repolarization?
Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of the axon
What is the role of T-tubules in muscle contraction?
Bring action potential to the interior of the muscle cell
What is the function of myosin during muscle contraction?
Myosin heads attach to actin and pull it toward the center of the sarcomere
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?
Binds calcium to free up myosin binding sites on actin
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
Afferent neurons are sensory; efferent neurons are motor
What is the role of the limbic system in olfaction?
Processes memories and emotions tied to smells
What is the threshold for action potential initiation?
-55 mV
What are the main components of the eye?
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina
Verified Correct Answers
What type of joint is immoveable?
Fibrous joints
Name an example of a fibrous immoveable joint.
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
What type of joint is slightly moveable?
Cartilaginous joints
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.
Symphysis (pubis, vertebrae) or synchondroses (nose, ribs to sternum)
What type of joint is freely moveable?
Synovial joints
List the types of synovial joints.
Hinge, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubrication, shock absorption, delivers O2 and nutrients to cartilage
What connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
What is the role of intervertebral discs?
Cushion the spine and absorb shock
,What is an action potential?
Movement of an electrical impulse along a neuron's axon
What happens during depolarization?
Na+ rushes into the axon
What ion must be present for muscle contraction to occur?
Calcium
What neurotransmitter binds to receptors at the motor endplate?
Acetylcholine
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
Detachment and resetting of the myosin heads
What is the first step in the olfactory pathway?
Dissolved odorant binds to receptors/cilia in olfactory epithelium
What are the five basic tastes?
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
Inactivates acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
What occurs during hyperpolarization?
K+ continues to leave the axon, making it more negative
What is the refractory period?
Ensures that action potential moves in only one direction
, What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?
Releases calcium ions into the sarcoplasm
What is the sliding filament theory?
Describes how myosin heads pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere during contraction
What happens during repolarization?
Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of the axon
What is the role of T-tubules in muscle contraction?
Bring action potential to the interior of the muscle cell
What is the function of myosin during muscle contraction?
Myosin heads attach to actin and pull it toward the center of the sarcomere
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?
Binds calcium to free up myosin binding sites on actin
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
Afferent neurons are sensory; efferent neurons are motor
What is the role of the limbic system in olfaction?
Processes memories and emotions tied to smells
What is the threshold for action potential initiation?
-55 mV
What are the main components of the eye?
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina
