Hematology | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest
Update 2026/2027
Question: Which hallmark finding is associated with both B12 and folate deficiencies
Answer: Macrocytosis Both of the anemias associated with these two conditions produce a macrocytosis an
increase in the size of the RBC.
Question: What diagnosis is likely based on this patients laboratory values? Iron Deficiency anemia Pernicious
anemia Anemia of chronic disease sideroblastic anemia
Answer: Pernicious anemia A marcocytic anemia indicate that the red blood cells are larger than expected,
hence, the prefix, marco. Iron deficiency anemia produces microcytic anemia. Anemia of chronic disease can
produce a microcytic or normocytic anemia but usually a normocytic anemia is evident. Sideroblastic anemia
produces a microcytic anemia. Pernicious anemia is an example of macrocytic anemia.
Question: A Patient with pernicious anemia may be observed to have: Darkening of the skin joint aches
glossitis thrombocytopenia
Answer: Glossitis Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue with a change in its usual color. It also may be
tender. This is commonly observed in patient who have a B12 deficiency anemia (Pernicious anemia). The
tongue can appear pale, bright red or swollen. Glossitis is not seen in all patient with pernicious anemia, but his
finding should be prompt the healthcare provider to assess b12 and folate levels.
Question: Thrombocytopenia may present as: Fatigue Fever Purpura a butterfly rash
Answer: Purpura Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease number of circulating platelets. By definition this
occurs when fewer than 150,000 platelets/microL are present. This occurs gradually. The first evidence of this
is usually in the skin and may occur as bruising, petechiae or purpura. Gums may bleed easily with tooth
brushing. Platelet counts less than 60,000/microL can bring about bleeding with minor trauma. Spontaneous
bleeds can occur when the platelet is less than 10,000/micro/L. Fatigue and fever are not specific to
thrombocytopenia. A butterfly rash may be associated with lupus.
Question: a 70 year old male patient has been in poor health for a decade. Which type of anemia is lease likely
in this patient? sideroblastic anemia pernicious anemia anemia of chronic disease folic acide deficiency anemia
Answer: sideroblastic anemia Sideroblastic anemia may be an acquired or inherited anemia. It occurs when the
bone marrow is unable to incorporate iron into hemoglobin.
Question: which disease listed below can be associated with lymphocytosis? Mononucleosis Strep throat Iron
deficiency anemia Hemoloytic anemia
Answer: Mononucleosis Lymphocytosis refers to an increased number of circulating lymphocytes. Theses are
usually predominant white cell in viral infection, especially mononucleosis. Lymphocytes are not increased in
patients with anemias. Bacterial infections, like streptococcal disease, would likely be characterized by
decreased lymphocyte counts.
Question: Besides inadequate intake of vitamin D in older adults, which other factor contributes to
deficiencies? Impaired synthesis of previtamin D Decreased physical activity Diminished hepatic function
Decreased body mass
Answer: Impaired synthesis of previtamin D Older adults are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency related to
several factors. In addition to those mentioned, lack of sun exposure decreases synthesis of vitamin D.
, Question: an older adult has suspected b12 deficiency. Which of the following lab indices is more indices is
more indicative of a B12 deficiency? Microcytosis Macrocytosis Leukocytosis Thrombocytosis
Answer: Marcocystosis A Vitamin B12 deficiency can produce an anemia called pernicious anemia. This is most
commonly found in adults and is characterized by macrocytosis. In other words, the red cells are larger than
expected. Microcytosis may be seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia. Leukocytosis refers to large
number of white cells in the blood stream.
Question: Thalassemia minor can be recognized by
Answer: Microcytic, hypochromic red cells Thalassemia, like iron deficiency anemia, can be recognized or
suspected by the finding of small, pale red cells on the peripheral smear of a CBC. The definitive diagnosis of
thalassemia can be made by hemoglobin electrophoresis.
Question: The NP sees a child who reports fatigue and presents with purpura on his lower extremeties. His
temp is normal. the differential includes:
Answer: Acute leukemia the present of purpura must make the NP consider platelet problems. Fatigue should
prompt consideration of anemia. Both are seen in patients with leukemia. Acute leukemia must be considered
because of the combination of fatigue and purpura.
Question: a 70 year old male who is a smoker has lymph nodes in his axillary and inguinal areas that a re
palpable but not tender. He states that he feels well today. However, he has had a nonproductive cough for the
past 4 weeks. What should be included in a differential diagnosis for this patient?
Answer: Lymphoma Lymphoma is malignancy of the lymphatic system. Hodgkin and non hodgkin lymphomas
are examples. In older patients, non Hodgkins lymphoma is considerably more common. It is characterized by
enlarged lymph nodes and maybe be accompanied by fever, cough, night sweats and fatigue. The chest xray
demonstrates a mediastinal mass, which is common in patients who have lymphoma.
Question: a 6 year olde complains that his legs hurt. His mother states that he has complained for the past two
weeks, and she thought it was from "Playing outside too much". When asked to identify the painful areas, the
child points to the midshaft of the femurs. He grimaces slightly when asked to walk. What should be past of the
differential diagnosis?
Answer: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Bone pain in common in children, especially adolescents. However,
a 6 year older with complaints of midbone pain should be evaluated for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Common
presenting signs of leukemia in children: Fever, Bleeding/bruising (Platelet count <100,000), Bone Pain
(Particularly long bones), Lymphadenopathy (Non-tender).
Question: a 28 year old female patient reports fatigue for the past 4-6 weeks. Based on her most likely
diagnosis, she will receive and oral supplement as treatment for her anemia. For best absorption, it should be
taken:
Answer: On an empty stomach He CBC demonstrates iron deficiency anemia. The oral supplement she will be
taking will be iron. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach. Vitamin C enhances absorption of iron, so if iron
is taken with food, a vitamin C rich one should accompany it.
Question: a side effect of DTaP that should be reported is
Answer: non stop crying (3h or more) within 48 hours of receiving the immunization Non stop crying for 3 hours
or more and occurring within 48 hours of immunization is not a specific contraindication but it is a precaution.
this means careful consideration must be given to the benefits and risks of the vaccine under theses
circumstances.
Update 2026/2027
Question: Which hallmark finding is associated with both B12 and folate deficiencies
Answer: Macrocytosis Both of the anemias associated with these two conditions produce a macrocytosis an
increase in the size of the RBC.
Question: What diagnosis is likely based on this patients laboratory values? Iron Deficiency anemia Pernicious
anemia Anemia of chronic disease sideroblastic anemia
Answer: Pernicious anemia A marcocytic anemia indicate that the red blood cells are larger than expected,
hence, the prefix, marco. Iron deficiency anemia produces microcytic anemia. Anemia of chronic disease can
produce a microcytic or normocytic anemia but usually a normocytic anemia is evident. Sideroblastic anemia
produces a microcytic anemia. Pernicious anemia is an example of macrocytic anemia.
Question: A Patient with pernicious anemia may be observed to have: Darkening of the skin joint aches
glossitis thrombocytopenia
Answer: Glossitis Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue with a change in its usual color. It also may be
tender. This is commonly observed in patient who have a B12 deficiency anemia (Pernicious anemia). The
tongue can appear pale, bright red or swollen. Glossitis is not seen in all patient with pernicious anemia, but his
finding should be prompt the healthcare provider to assess b12 and folate levels.
Question: Thrombocytopenia may present as: Fatigue Fever Purpura a butterfly rash
Answer: Purpura Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease number of circulating platelets. By definition this
occurs when fewer than 150,000 platelets/microL are present. This occurs gradually. The first evidence of this
is usually in the skin and may occur as bruising, petechiae or purpura. Gums may bleed easily with tooth
brushing. Platelet counts less than 60,000/microL can bring about bleeding with minor trauma. Spontaneous
bleeds can occur when the platelet is less than 10,000/micro/L. Fatigue and fever are not specific to
thrombocytopenia. A butterfly rash may be associated with lupus.
Question: a 70 year old male patient has been in poor health for a decade. Which type of anemia is lease likely
in this patient? sideroblastic anemia pernicious anemia anemia of chronic disease folic acide deficiency anemia
Answer: sideroblastic anemia Sideroblastic anemia may be an acquired or inherited anemia. It occurs when the
bone marrow is unable to incorporate iron into hemoglobin.
Question: which disease listed below can be associated with lymphocytosis? Mononucleosis Strep throat Iron
deficiency anemia Hemoloytic anemia
Answer: Mononucleosis Lymphocytosis refers to an increased number of circulating lymphocytes. Theses are
usually predominant white cell in viral infection, especially mononucleosis. Lymphocytes are not increased in
patients with anemias. Bacterial infections, like streptococcal disease, would likely be characterized by
decreased lymphocyte counts.
Question: Besides inadequate intake of vitamin D in older adults, which other factor contributes to
deficiencies? Impaired synthesis of previtamin D Decreased physical activity Diminished hepatic function
Decreased body mass
Answer: Impaired synthesis of previtamin D Older adults are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency related to
several factors. In addition to those mentioned, lack of sun exposure decreases synthesis of vitamin D.
, Question: an older adult has suspected b12 deficiency. Which of the following lab indices is more indices is
more indicative of a B12 deficiency? Microcytosis Macrocytosis Leukocytosis Thrombocytosis
Answer: Marcocystosis A Vitamin B12 deficiency can produce an anemia called pernicious anemia. This is most
commonly found in adults and is characterized by macrocytosis. In other words, the red cells are larger than
expected. Microcytosis may be seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia. Leukocytosis refers to large
number of white cells in the blood stream.
Question: Thalassemia minor can be recognized by
Answer: Microcytic, hypochromic red cells Thalassemia, like iron deficiency anemia, can be recognized or
suspected by the finding of small, pale red cells on the peripheral smear of a CBC. The definitive diagnosis of
thalassemia can be made by hemoglobin electrophoresis.
Question: The NP sees a child who reports fatigue and presents with purpura on his lower extremeties. His
temp is normal. the differential includes:
Answer: Acute leukemia the present of purpura must make the NP consider platelet problems. Fatigue should
prompt consideration of anemia. Both are seen in patients with leukemia. Acute leukemia must be considered
because of the combination of fatigue and purpura.
Question: a 70 year old male who is a smoker has lymph nodes in his axillary and inguinal areas that a re
palpable but not tender. He states that he feels well today. However, he has had a nonproductive cough for the
past 4 weeks. What should be included in a differential diagnosis for this patient?
Answer: Lymphoma Lymphoma is malignancy of the lymphatic system. Hodgkin and non hodgkin lymphomas
are examples. In older patients, non Hodgkins lymphoma is considerably more common. It is characterized by
enlarged lymph nodes and maybe be accompanied by fever, cough, night sweats and fatigue. The chest xray
demonstrates a mediastinal mass, which is common in patients who have lymphoma.
Question: a 6 year olde complains that his legs hurt. His mother states that he has complained for the past two
weeks, and she thought it was from "Playing outside too much". When asked to identify the painful areas, the
child points to the midshaft of the femurs. He grimaces slightly when asked to walk. What should be past of the
differential diagnosis?
Answer: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Bone pain in common in children, especially adolescents. However,
a 6 year older with complaints of midbone pain should be evaluated for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Common
presenting signs of leukemia in children: Fever, Bleeding/bruising (Platelet count <100,000), Bone Pain
(Particularly long bones), Lymphadenopathy (Non-tender).
Question: a 28 year old female patient reports fatigue for the past 4-6 weeks. Based on her most likely
diagnosis, she will receive and oral supplement as treatment for her anemia. For best absorption, it should be
taken:
Answer: On an empty stomach He CBC demonstrates iron deficiency anemia. The oral supplement she will be
taking will be iron. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach. Vitamin C enhances absorption of iron, so if iron
is taken with food, a vitamin C rich one should accompany it.
Question: a side effect of DTaP that should be reported is
Answer: non stop crying (3h or more) within 48 hours of receiving the immunization Non stop crying for 3 hours
or more and occurring within 48 hours of immunization is not a specific contraindication but it is a precaution.
this means careful consideration must be given to the benefits and risks of the vaccine under theses
circumstances.
