Scientific Research Method (english version)

Scientific Research Method
• Types of scientific research:

o Laboratory (conducted in a laboratory; the most reliable because experimental conditions can be
controlled)

o Field (conducted in the field; factors and conditions cannot be controlled)



• Stages of the scientific research process:

o Preparation for the study

 Gathering literature and other information
 Setting the objective
 Describing the subject
 Formulating a hypothesis

o Defining the research process

 Methods and procedures to be used in the study (how we will conduct the research, what we will
do, etc.)

o Experimentation and observation

 Collecting data and observing

o Processing research data

 Tables, graphs (X-axis: experimental variable; Y-axis: dependent variable)

o Drawing conclusions, formulating a law

 If the same result is obtained several times



• Key elements of the study:

o Experimental variable—factors through which the researcher influences the objects under study (e.g.,
light, temperature, humidity…).

o Dependent variable—the change or result caused by the experimental variable (e.g., increased mass,
the number of bubbles…).

o Test group—the objects being tested during the experiment.

o Control group—the objects not being tested during the experiment.



• Hypothesis:

—a scientific method of inquiry that posits new laws, causal relationships, and the structure and properties
of objects that are scientifically grounded but have not yet been tested or confirmed.