ATI Community Health: Communicable Diseases &
Infection Control Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. A community health nurse is planning a primary prevention strategy to
reduce the incidence of influenza in the community. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Perform rapid flu testing for students reporting symptoms at school.
B. Organize a local health fair to provide annual flu vaccinations.
C. Provide antiviral medications to residents in a long-term care facility during an outbreak.
D. Refer individuals with post-flu pneumonia to a respiratory therapist.
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease or
injury. Vaccinations are a classic example of primary prevention.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive Mantoux tuberculin skin test.
Which of the following is the next step in the diagnostic process for this client?
A. Begin a 6-month course of isoniazid (INH).
B. Repeat the skin test in 48 hours for confirmation.
C. Collect a sputum culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
D. Obtain a chest X-ray to look for active lesions.
Answer: D
Rationale: A positive PPD indicates exposure but not necessarily active disease. A chest X-
ray is the next step to screen for pulmonary involvement before confirming with a sputum
culture.
,3. Which of the following statistics should a nurse use to determine the number
of new cases of syphilis in a community over the past year?
A. Prevalence rate
B. Attack rate
C. Case fatality rate
D. Incidence rate
Answer: D
Rationale: Incidence rates measure the number of new cases of a disease in a population
over a specific period. Prevalence includes both new and existing cases.
4. A community health nurse is educating a group of parents about the
transmission of Pertussis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse
explain is necessary for an infected child?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions only
Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis (whooping cough) is transmitted via large respiratory droplets and
requires droplet precautions.
5. A public health nurse is investigating an outbreak of Hepatitis A. Which of the
following is the most likely source of transmission?
A. Contaminated food or water
B. Unprotected sexual intercourse
C. Shared needles among drug users
D. Accidental needle stick in a healthcare setting
Answer: A
, Rationale: Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via
contaminated food, water, or close personal contact.
6. A nurse is conducting a secondary prevention activity regarding Lyme disease.
Which of the following should the nurse include?
A. Educating the public on wearing long sleeves in wooded areas.
B. Administering antibiotics to a client with a confirmed diagnosis.
C. Screening clients for a bullseye-shaped rash during a physical exam.
D. Lobbying for local pesticide spraying in parks.
Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening. Checking for the
characteristic erythema migrans (bullseye rash) allows for early diagnosis.
7. A school nurse is teaching a parent about the management of Pediculosis
capitis (head lice). Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?
A. I will wash my child’s bedding in cold water to kill the lice.
B. I should treat all family members with pediculicide immediately.
C. I must keep my child home from school for at least 10 days.
D. I should seal my child’s non-washable toys in a plastic bag for 2 weeks.
Answer: D
Rationale: Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for 10-14 days
to ensure any surviving lice or newly hatched nits die.
8. A nurse is discussing herd immunity with a community group. Which of the
following statements is accurate?
A. Herd immunity occurs when every single individual in a population is vaccinated.
B. It provides protection to unvaccinated individuals because the spread of the pathogen is limited.
C. Herd immunity only applies to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
D. It is achieved when at least 50% of the population is immune.
Answer: B
Infection Control Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. A community health nurse is planning a primary prevention strategy to
reduce the incidence of influenza in the community. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Perform rapid flu testing for students reporting symptoms at school.
B. Organize a local health fair to provide annual flu vaccinations.
C. Provide antiviral medications to residents in a long-term care facility during an outbreak.
D. Refer individuals with post-flu pneumonia to a respiratory therapist.
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease or
injury. Vaccinations are a classic example of primary prevention.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive Mantoux tuberculin skin test.
Which of the following is the next step in the diagnostic process for this client?
A. Begin a 6-month course of isoniazid (INH).
B. Repeat the skin test in 48 hours for confirmation.
C. Collect a sputum culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
D. Obtain a chest X-ray to look for active lesions.
Answer: D
Rationale: A positive PPD indicates exposure but not necessarily active disease. A chest X-
ray is the next step to screen for pulmonary involvement before confirming with a sputum
culture.
,3. Which of the following statistics should a nurse use to determine the number
of new cases of syphilis in a community over the past year?
A. Prevalence rate
B. Attack rate
C. Case fatality rate
D. Incidence rate
Answer: D
Rationale: Incidence rates measure the number of new cases of a disease in a population
over a specific period. Prevalence includes both new and existing cases.
4. A community health nurse is educating a group of parents about the
transmission of Pertussis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse
explain is necessary for an infected child?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions only
Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis (whooping cough) is transmitted via large respiratory droplets and
requires droplet precautions.
5. A public health nurse is investigating an outbreak of Hepatitis A. Which of the
following is the most likely source of transmission?
A. Contaminated food or water
B. Unprotected sexual intercourse
C. Shared needles among drug users
D. Accidental needle stick in a healthcare setting
Answer: A
, Rationale: Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via
contaminated food, water, or close personal contact.
6. A nurse is conducting a secondary prevention activity regarding Lyme disease.
Which of the following should the nurse include?
A. Educating the public on wearing long sleeves in wooded areas.
B. Administering antibiotics to a client with a confirmed diagnosis.
C. Screening clients for a bullseye-shaped rash during a physical exam.
D. Lobbying for local pesticide spraying in parks.
Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening. Checking for the
characteristic erythema migrans (bullseye rash) allows for early diagnosis.
7. A school nurse is teaching a parent about the management of Pediculosis
capitis (head lice). Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?
A. I will wash my child’s bedding in cold water to kill the lice.
B. I should treat all family members with pediculicide immediately.
C. I must keep my child home from school for at least 10 days.
D. I should seal my child’s non-washable toys in a plastic bag for 2 weeks.
Answer: D
Rationale: Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for 10-14 days
to ensure any surviving lice or newly hatched nits die.
8. A nurse is discussing herd immunity with a community group. Which of the
following statements is accurate?
A. Herd immunity occurs when every single individual in a population is vaccinated.
B. It provides protection to unvaccinated individuals because the spread of the pathogen is limited.
C. Herd immunity only applies to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
D. It is achieved when at least 50% of the population is immune.
Answer: B
