Menopause and Hormone Replacement
therapy Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Estrogen and progesterone HRT are FDA approved for ? -
correct answer ✅moderate to severe menopause related
symptoms, including hot flashes, vulvovaginal atrophy, and for
prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Perimenopause -
correct answer ✅period that spans the 8-10 years prior to
menopause during which symptoms associated with changing
levels of estrogen and progesterone often occur. Usually between
42-55. Frequency of ovulation decreases. Hot flashes may occur
and PMS may intensify. irregular menstrual bleeding.
menopause -
correct answer ✅point in time that occurs after the natural
cessation of menses for 12 consecutive months. Average age is 51.
Postmenopause -
correct answer ✅following menopause. hot flashes, sleep
interruptions, vulvovaginal changes, as well as later processes
related to reduced hormone levels. Vasomotor symptoms are most
problematic in the first 7 years following menopause. They can
persist for many more years. Vaginal atrophy starts early and
, Menopause and Hormone Replacement
therapy Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
persists throughout post menopause, causing dryness, dyspareunia,
and increased vaginal pH.
hot flushes -
correct answer ✅when hot flashes are accompanied by flushing,
usually at the face, neck, and upper chest. May be accompanied by
dizziness, nausea, HA, palpitations, or sweating. Associated with a
surge in LH and declining estrogen and progesterone levels. Hot
flashes can be triggered by stress, excitement, fear, anxiety, alcohol,
caffeine, or environmental temperature that raise the core temp
too high.
Long term effects of menopause -
correct answer ✅Cardiac: arteriosclerosis, within 5-10 years the
incidence of cardiovascular disease in women surpasses that
reported in men, poor lipid profile, increased HTN
breast: glandular tissue replaced by fat deposits and connective
tissue, breast CA risk increases with age
bone density: loss accelerates following menopause at a rate of 1-
5% per year for the first 4-8 yrs after menopause; it then slows
again to a rate of about 1% per year.
Brain: estrogen affects cognitive function and memory
therapy Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Estrogen and progesterone HRT are FDA approved for ? -
correct answer ✅moderate to severe menopause related
symptoms, including hot flashes, vulvovaginal atrophy, and for
prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Perimenopause -
correct answer ✅period that spans the 8-10 years prior to
menopause during which symptoms associated with changing
levels of estrogen and progesterone often occur. Usually between
42-55. Frequency of ovulation decreases. Hot flashes may occur
and PMS may intensify. irregular menstrual bleeding.
menopause -
correct answer ✅point in time that occurs after the natural
cessation of menses for 12 consecutive months. Average age is 51.
Postmenopause -
correct answer ✅following menopause. hot flashes, sleep
interruptions, vulvovaginal changes, as well as later processes
related to reduced hormone levels. Vasomotor symptoms are most
problematic in the first 7 years following menopause. They can
persist for many more years. Vaginal atrophy starts early and
, Menopause and Hormone Replacement
therapy Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
persists throughout post menopause, causing dryness, dyspareunia,
and increased vaginal pH.
hot flushes -
correct answer ✅when hot flashes are accompanied by flushing,
usually at the face, neck, and upper chest. May be accompanied by
dizziness, nausea, HA, palpitations, or sweating. Associated with a
surge in LH and declining estrogen and progesterone levels. Hot
flashes can be triggered by stress, excitement, fear, anxiety, alcohol,
caffeine, or environmental temperature that raise the core temp
too high.
Long term effects of menopause -
correct answer ✅Cardiac: arteriosclerosis, within 5-10 years the
incidence of cardiovascular disease in women surpasses that
reported in men, poor lipid profile, increased HTN
breast: glandular tissue replaced by fat deposits and connective
tissue, breast CA risk increases with age
bone density: loss accelerates following menopause at a rate of 1-
5% per year for the first 4-8 yrs after menopause; it then slows
again to a rate of about 1% per year.
Brain: estrogen affects cognitive function and memory
