FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 120+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+.
QUESTION 1
What is orthostatic hypotension?
CORRECT ANS: Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up, which can be
due to bed rest or medications. The patient should dangle feet before standing
and stand very slowly.
Expert Rationale
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a form of low
blood pressure that occurs when a person assumes an upright position from a
lying or sitting position. It is characterized by a drop in systolic blood pressure of
at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within three
minutes of standing. Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, dehydration,
medications (such as antihypertensives and diuretics), and autonomic nervous
system dysfunction. Nursing interventions include having the patient dangle their
feet at the bedside before standing, rising slowly, and using supportive devices as
needed. Therefore, orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure upon standing,
and patients should dangle feet and stand slowly.
QUESTION 2
What is active range of motion?
,CORRECT ANS: Range of motion exercises completed by the client without
assistance.
Expert Rationale
Active range of motion (AROM) exercises are performed independently by the
client, using their own muscle strength to move each joint through its full range of
motion. These exercises help maintain joint flexibility, muscle strength, and
circulation. AROM is encouraged when a patient is able to participate actively in
their care. Therefore, active range of motion is completed by the client without
assistance.
QUESTION 3
What is passive range of motion?
CORRECT ANS: The nurse helping the client move their joints and limbs, usually 5
times per joint.
Expert Rationale
Passive range of motion (PROM) exercises are performed by the nurse or
caregiver for a client who is unable to move independently. The nurse moves each
joint through its full range of motion, typically repeating each movement five
times. PROM helps maintain joint flexibility and prevent contractures when a
patient is immobilized. Therefore, passive range of motion is performed by the
nurse, usually 5 times per joint.
,QUESTION 4
What is the purpose of a trochanter roll?
CORRECT ANS: Prevents external rotation of the hips when a patient is in a
supine position.
Expert Rationale
A trochanter roll is a positioning device placed alongside the patient's hip and
thigh, extending from the iliac crest to the mid-thigh. Its purpose is to prevent
external rotation of the hip joint when the patient is in the supine position, which
can lead to contractures and discomfort. Therefore, a trochanter roll prevents
external rotation of the hips.
QUESTION 5
A client says she is experiencing heat and pain in her left lower leg. How should
the nurse respond?
CORRECT ANS: Keep the patient calm, notify the healthcare provider; this may
indicate a blood clot (DVT).
Expert Rationale
Heat, pain, and swelling in the lower leg are classic signs of a deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
The nurse should keep the patient calm and limit movement of the affected limb
to prevent dislodgment of the clot. The healthcare provider must be notified
promptly for further evaluation and treatment. Therefore, the nurse should keep
the patient calm and notify the healthcare provider.
, QUESTION 6
What cultural aspects of care should the nurse remember when assisting a client
with hygiene?
CORRECT ANS:
Provide privacy.
Provide gender-congruent care when possible.
If requested, allow family members to participate in care.
Be aware of different cultural hygiene practices.
Some cultures restrict touching.
Never cut or shave hair without permission.
Expert Rationale
Cultural competence in hygiene care involves respecting the patient's cultural
beliefs, practices, and preferences. The nurse should provide privacy, allow family
involvement if desired, and be aware of cultural variations in hygiene practices.
Some cultures have specific restrictions regarding touch, and hair cutting or
shaving may require permission. Therefore, these cultural aspects should be
considered when providing hygiene care.
QUESTION 7
How should perineal care be performed?
CORRECT ANS:
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 120+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+.
QUESTION 1
What is orthostatic hypotension?
CORRECT ANS: Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up, which can be
due to bed rest or medications. The patient should dangle feet before standing
and stand very slowly.
Expert Rationale
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a form of low
blood pressure that occurs when a person assumes an upright position from a
lying or sitting position. It is characterized by a drop in systolic blood pressure of
at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within three
minutes of standing. Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, dehydration,
medications (such as antihypertensives and diuretics), and autonomic nervous
system dysfunction. Nursing interventions include having the patient dangle their
feet at the bedside before standing, rising slowly, and using supportive devices as
needed. Therefore, orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure upon standing,
and patients should dangle feet and stand slowly.
QUESTION 2
What is active range of motion?
,CORRECT ANS: Range of motion exercises completed by the client without
assistance.
Expert Rationale
Active range of motion (AROM) exercises are performed independently by the
client, using their own muscle strength to move each joint through its full range of
motion. These exercises help maintain joint flexibility, muscle strength, and
circulation. AROM is encouraged when a patient is able to participate actively in
their care. Therefore, active range of motion is completed by the client without
assistance.
QUESTION 3
What is passive range of motion?
CORRECT ANS: The nurse helping the client move their joints and limbs, usually 5
times per joint.
Expert Rationale
Passive range of motion (PROM) exercises are performed by the nurse or
caregiver for a client who is unable to move independently. The nurse moves each
joint through its full range of motion, typically repeating each movement five
times. PROM helps maintain joint flexibility and prevent contractures when a
patient is immobilized. Therefore, passive range of motion is performed by the
nurse, usually 5 times per joint.
,QUESTION 4
What is the purpose of a trochanter roll?
CORRECT ANS: Prevents external rotation of the hips when a patient is in a
supine position.
Expert Rationale
A trochanter roll is a positioning device placed alongside the patient's hip and
thigh, extending from the iliac crest to the mid-thigh. Its purpose is to prevent
external rotation of the hip joint when the patient is in the supine position, which
can lead to contractures and discomfort. Therefore, a trochanter roll prevents
external rotation of the hips.
QUESTION 5
A client says she is experiencing heat and pain in her left lower leg. How should
the nurse respond?
CORRECT ANS: Keep the patient calm, notify the healthcare provider; this may
indicate a blood clot (DVT).
Expert Rationale
Heat, pain, and swelling in the lower leg are classic signs of a deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
The nurse should keep the patient calm and limit movement of the affected limb
to prevent dislodgment of the clot. The healthcare provider must be notified
promptly for further evaluation and treatment. Therefore, the nurse should keep
the patient calm and notify the healthcare provider.
, QUESTION 6
What cultural aspects of care should the nurse remember when assisting a client
with hygiene?
CORRECT ANS:
Provide privacy.
Provide gender-congruent care when possible.
If requested, allow family members to participate in care.
Be aware of different cultural hygiene practices.
Some cultures restrict touching.
Never cut or shave hair without permission.
Expert Rationale
Cultural competence in hygiene care involves respecting the patient's cultural
beliefs, practices, and preferences. The nurse should provide privacy, allow family
involvement if desired, and be aware of cultural variations in hygiene practices.
Some cultures have specific restrictions regarding touch, and hair cutting or
shaving may require permission. Therefore, these cultural aspects should be
considered when providing hygiene care.
QUESTION 7
How should perineal care be performed?
CORRECT ANS:
