T2 EX3 L1 (MEDCHEM ANTIDIABETICS) (GUPTA) EXAM NEW SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
Dietary carbs are processed by what enzymes into monosaccharides? - (answer)Glucosidases
Monosaccharides pass through the _____ ________ ____ into the liver - (answer)Hepatic portal vein
T/F: Cellular entry of glucose into liver & brain is regulated by insulin. - (answer)False; no regulation by
insulin.
T/F: Cellular entry of glucose across the GI tract and kidneys is underwent via secondary active transport
and is regulated by insulin. - (answer)False; secondary active transport, but no insulin regulation.
Glucose entry into/across which two areas is not regulated by insulin? - (answer)1. Liver & brain
2. Across GI tract & kidneys
How does glucose enter *most* cells? - (answer)Via facilitated diffusion, regulated by insulin
GLUT (glucose transporters)
Where is glycogen synthesized? - (answer)In the liver
Describe lipogenesis (five step process) - (answer)1. Formation of glycerol
2. Formation of fatty acids
3. Glycerol + fatty acids = triglycerides
4. Increased expression of lipoprotein lipases
5. Adipose tissue deposits
When do we excrete glucose via urine? - (answer)When blood levels are too high
,T2 EX3 L1 (MEDCHEM ANTIDIABETICS) (GUPTA) EXAM NEW SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
What cells of the pancreas produce insulin? - (answer)Beta cells
To where is proinsulin exported? - (answer)Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Insulin is formed how? (four step process) - (answer)1. Proinsulin -> ER
2. Mid region removed (C-peptide)
3. A- and B- chains coupled
4. Disulfide bridges -> functional insulin
Describe bodily regulation of insulin secretion in *absence* of glucose (four steps) - (answer)1. In resting
beta cell, ATP low, ADP high
2. ADP keeps ATP-dependent K+ channel open
3. K+ diffuses out through K+/ATP channel
4. Intracellular potential is hyperpolarized (-)
= No insulin secretion
*got it*
Describe bodily regulation of insulin secretion in *presence* of glucose (six steps) - (answer)1. Glucose
enters via Glut2 transporter
2. Glucoses metabolism inc. ATP conc.
3. ATP inhibits K+/ATP channel (sulfonylurea receptor = SUR1)
4. Dec. K+ conductance causes depolarization
5. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activated
6. Ca2+ mediates insulin secretion
, T2 EX3 L1 (MEDCHEM ANTIDIABETICS) (GUPTA) EXAM NEW SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
= Insulin secretion
*got it*
What time of day do we typically have lowest glucose levels? Why is this significant? - (answer)At night;
pancreatic alpha cells begin to produce glucagon -> glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
Liver from there secretes glucose to bring from low level to normal level
Insulin binds to what receptor? - (answer)IR/IGF-1
T/F: IRS-1 is a critical adaptor. - (answer)True
Insulin activates (anabolic) (seven) - (answer)1. Growth promoting genes
2. Protein synthesis (muscles)
3. Glycogen synthesis (liver)
4. Fatty acid synthesis (adipose)
5. Lipase *in*activation (triglycerides)
6. Cell survival (antiapoptosis)
7. Glut4 translocation to membrane
T/F: GLUT4 promotes glucose intake in muscles & adipose cells. - (answer)True
What percentage of the pancreatic mass is responsible for producing insulin? - (answer)1-2% (I am not
sure if this is important)
Two hormones secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? - (answer)1. Insulin
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
Dietary carbs are processed by what enzymes into monosaccharides? - (answer)Glucosidases
Monosaccharides pass through the _____ ________ ____ into the liver - (answer)Hepatic portal vein
T/F: Cellular entry of glucose into liver & brain is regulated by insulin. - (answer)False; no regulation by
insulin.
T/F: Cellular entry of glucose across the GI tract and kidneys is underwent via secondary active transport
and is regulated by insulin. - (answer)False; secondary active transport, but no insulin regulation.
Glucose entry into/across which two areas is not regulated by insulin? - (answer)1. Liver & brain
2. Across GI tract & kidneys
How does glucose enter *most* cells? - (answer)Via facilitated diffusion, regulated by insulin
GLUT (glucose transporters)
Where is glycogen synthesized? - (answer)In the liver
Describe lipogenesis (five step process) - (answer)1. Formation of glycerol
2. Formation of fatty acids
3. Glycerol + fatty acids = triglycerides
4. Increased expression of lipoprotein lipases
5. Adipose tissue deposits
When do we excrete glucose via urine? - (answer)When blood levels are too high
,T2 EX3 L1 (MEDCHEM ANTIDIABETICS) (GUPTA) EXAM NEW SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
What cells of the pancreas produce insulin? - (answer)Beta cells
To where is proinsulin exported? - (answer)Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Insulin is formed how? (four step process) - (answer)1. Proinsulin -> ER
2. Mid region removed (C-peptide)
3. A- and B- chains coupled
4. Disulfide bridges -> functional insulin
Describe bodily regulation of insulin secretion in *absence* of glucose (four steps) - (answer)1. In resting
beta cell, ATP low, ADP high
2. ADP keeps ATP-dependent K+ channel open
3. K+ diffuses out through K+/ATP channel
4. Intracellular potential is hyperpolarized (-)
= No insulin secretion
*got it*
Describe bodily regulation of insulin secretion in *presence* of glucose (six steps) - (answer)1. Glucose
enters via Glut2 transporter
2. Glucoses metabolism inc. ATP conc.
3. ATP inhibits K+/ATP channel (sulfonylurea receptor = SUR1)
4. Dec. K+ conductance causes depolarization
5. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activated
6. Ca2+ mediates insulin secretion
, T2 EX3 L1 (MEDCHEM ANTIDIABETICS) (GUPTA) EXAM NEW SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!!! ALREADY GRADED A+
= Insulin secretion
*got it*
What time of day do we typically have lowest glucose levels? Why is this significant? - (answer)At night;
pancreatic alpha cells begin to produce glucagon -> glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
Liver from there secretes glucose to bring from low level to normal level
Insulin binds to what receptor? - (answer)IR/IGF-1
T/F: IRS-1 is a critical adaptor. - (answer)True
Insulin activates (anabolic) (seven) - (answer)1. Growth promoting genes
2. Protein synthesis (muscles)
3. Glycogen synthesis (liver)
4. Fatty acid synthesis (adipose)
5. Lipase *in*activation (triglycerides)
6. Cell survival (antiapoptosis)
7. Glut4 translocation to membrane
T/F: GLUT4 promotes glucose intake in muscles & adipose cells. - (answer)True
What percentage of the pancreatic mass is responsible for producing insulin? - (answer)1-2% (I am not
sure if this is important)
Two hormones secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? - (answer)1. Insulin
