NSG 316 EXAM 4 2026/2027 | NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
Overweight - correct answer ✔✔BMI of 25 or more
Obesity - correct answer ✔✔BMI over 30
android obesity - correct answer ✔✔extra weight around the abdomen
gynecoid obesity - correct answer ✔✔persons with most of fat in hips and thighs
Best indicators of obesity in the aging adult - correct answer ✔✔BMI and waist to hip ratio
Best routinely performed laboratory indicators of nutritional status - correct answer ✔✔Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Total lymphocyte count
Serum albumin
Glucose, low- and high-density lipoproteins, prealbumin, transferrin, and total protein levels also provide
meaningful information
Cardinal features of a long-term weight loss plan - correct answer ✔✔Regular exercise plan (4 to 5 times
a week for 30 minutes minimum)
Eating low-calorie low-fat diet (1400 to 1500 kcal/day and 20% to 25% of calories taken in as low fat)
Monitoring daily food intake and weight (food diary and portion size)
Marasmus - correct answer ✔✔Starved appearance (protein and calorie deficiency)
Kwashiorkor - correct answer ✔✔Well-nourished appearance, Edematous (diets high in calories but little
or no protein)
Marasmus/Kwashiorkor mix - correct answer ✔✔Emaciated appearance (prolonged inadequate intake of
protein and calories - highest risk for morbidity and mortality)
Pellagra - correct answer ✔✔pigmented keratotic scaling lesions resulting from a deficiency of niacin
(hands, forearms, neck, legs)
Scorbutic gums - correct answer ✔✔Vit C deficiency causing swollen, ulcerated and bleeding gums
Follicular hyperkeratosis - dry bumpy skin - Vit A deficiency or linoleic acid (essential fatty acid)
deficiency
Bitot's spots - correct answer ✔✔Foamy plaques of the cornea - Vit A deficiency
Rickets - correct answer ✔✔Vitamin D and calcium deficiency
, Magenta tongue - correct answer ✔✔Riboflavin deficiency (Vit B complex)- beefy red tongue
Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for nutritional deficits?
1.A 5-month-old infant who is only being breastfed
2.A 2-year-old toddler who is in the 50th percentile
3.An 13-year-old female who is 5'3" and weighs 110 lbs and thinks she's "fat"
4.A 65-year-old female who is on a fixed income and is taking five medications - correct answer ✔✔4
For the 54-year-old male patient who complains of frequent "reflux" following meals, the nurse should
assess the type and amount of food eaten at mealtime. Foods that should be avoided refer to those that
will relax the lower esophageal sphincter and cause reflux of food contents. Spicy foods, alcohol, tomato,
peppermint, and acidic foods should be limited. Additionally, maintaining an upright posture following
meals would prevent reflux of food contents. Pharmacologic management may also be required if the
symptoms persist. - correct answer ✔✔1.Plasma glucose level, or the amount of glucose in the serum, is
usually a fasting test. Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb), also known as HbA1c, reflects average blood
glucose levels for the prior 2 to 3 months and is useful in managing diabetes mellitus. Normal HbA1c
results range from 5% to 7%.
●
2.The Hb determination is used to detect iron deficiency anemia.
●
3.Hematocrit (HCT), a measure of cell volume, also indicates iron status.
●
4.Total cholesterol evaluates fat metabolism and the risk for cardiovascular disease. Normal cholesterol
concentrations vary with age and gender and range from 120 to 200 mg/dL.
●
5.Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or "bad" cholesterol, is the major carrier of cholesterol in
the blood and increases risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD).
●
6.Serum triglycerides (TGs) or blood fats are used to screen for hyperlipidemia and the risk for CAD.
Triglyceride values are age related.
●
7.Albumin-protein required for metabolism and cell regeneration. Deficits will lower levels reflecting
malnutrition.
Organs in RUQ - correct answer ✔✔liver, gallbladder, duodenum
What feature is specific to the right kidney? - correct answer ✔✔may be palpated sometimes because it
is 1-2 cm lower than left
Which quadrant would the nurse assess in a pregnant patient related to appendicitis? - correct answer
✔✔RLQ
order of abdomen assessment - correct answer ✔✔Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate
ascites - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
Overweight - correct answer ✔✔BMI of 25 or more
Obesity - correct answer ✔✔BMI over 30
android obesity - correct answer ✔✔extra weight around the abdomen
gynecoid obesity - correct answer ✔✔persons with most of fat in hips and thighs
Best indicators of obesity in the aging adult - correct answer ✔✔BMI and waist to hip ratio
Best routinely performed laboratory indicators of nutritional status - correct answer ✔✔Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Total lymphocyte count
Serum albumin
Glucose, low- and high-density lipoproteins, prealbumin, transferrin, and total protein levels also provide
meaningful information
Cardinal features of a long-term weight loss plan - correct answer ✔✔Regular exercise plan (4 to 5 times
a week for 30 minutes minimum)
Eating low-calorie low-fat diet (1400 to 1500 kcal/day and 20% to 25% of calories taken in as low fat)
Monitoring daily food intake and weight (food diary and portion size)
Marasmus - correct answer ✔✔Starved appearance (protein and calorie deficiency)
Kwashiorkor - correct answer ✔✔Well-nourished appearance, Edematous (diets high in calories but little
or no protein)
Marasmus/Kwashiorkor mix - correct answer ✔✔Emaciated appearance (prolonged inadequate intake of
protein and calories - highest risk for morbidity and mortality)
Pellagra - correct answer ✔✔pigmented keratotic scaling lesions resulting from a deficiency of niacin
(hands, forearms, neck, legs)
Scorbutic gums - correct answer ✔✔Vit C deficiency causing swollen, ulcerated and bleeding gums
Follicular hyperkeratosis - dry bumpy skin - Vit A deficiency or linoleic acid (essential fatty acid)
deficiency
Bitot's spots - correct answer ✔✔Foamy plaques of the cornea - Vit A deficiency
Rickets - correct answer ✔✔Vitamin D and calcium deficiency
, Magenta tongue - correct answer ✔✔Riboflavin deficiency (Vit B complex)- beefy red tongue
Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for nutritional deficits?
1.A 5-month-old infant who is only being breastfed
2.A 2-year-old toddler who is in the 50th percentile
3.An 13-year-old female who is 5'3" and weighs 110 lbs and thinks she's "fat"
4.A 65-year-old female who is on a fixed income and is taking five medications - correct answer ✔✔4
For the 54-year-old male patient who complains of frequent "reflux" following meals, the nurse should
assess the type and amount of food eaten at mealtime. Foods that should be avoided refer to those that
will relax the lower esophageal sphincter and cause reflux of food contents. Spicy foods, alcohol, tomato,
peppermint, and acidic foods should be limited. Additionally, maintaining an upright posture following
meals would prevent reflux of food contents. Pharmacologic management may also be required if the
symptoms persist. - correct answer ✔✔1.Plasma glucose level, or the amount of glucose in the serum, is
usually a fasting test. Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb), also known as HbA1c, reflects average blood
glucose levels for the prior 2 to 3 months and is useful in managing diabetes mellitus. Normal HbA1c
results range from 5% to 7%.
●
2.The Hb determination is used to detect iron deficiency anemia.
●
3.Hematocrit (HCT), a measure of cell volume, also indicates iron status.
●
4.Total cholesterol evaluates fat metabolism and the risk for cardiovascular disease. Normal cholesterol
concentrations vary with age and gender and range from 120 to 200 mg/dL.
●
5.Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or "bad" cholesterol, is the major carrier of cholesterol in
the blood and increases risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD).
●
6.Serum triglycerides (TGs) or blood fats are used to screen for hyperlipidemia and the risk for CAD.
Triglyceride values are age related.
●
7.Albumin-protein required for metabolism and cell regeneration. Deficits will lower levels reflecting
malnutrition.
Organs in RUQ - correct answer ✔✔liver, gallbladder, duodenum
What feature is specific to the right kidney? - correct answer ✔✔may be palpated sometimes because it
is 1-2 cm lower than left
Which quadrant would the nurse assess in a pregnant patient related to appendicitis? - correct answer
✔✔RLQ
order of abdomen assessment - correct answer ✔✔Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate
ascites - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
