BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026 UPDATE |St… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
✓ VERIFIED • 2026 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026
UPDATE |Straighterline
Actual Exam Questions & Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations)
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Full Rationales
Status: Verified & Updated for 2026
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 1
,BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026 UPDATE |St… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
Questions & Verified Answers
1. Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the
Central Nervous System (CNS)?
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Schwann cells
D. Astrocytes
Answer: A
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the CNS, while Schwann cells perform this function in the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer
(A) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications. Recognizing this
principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate patient education.
2. During an action potential, the rapid change in membrane potential from -70mV to +30mV is
primarily caused by:
A. Influx of chloride ions
B. Efflux of potassium ions
C. Influx of sodium ions
D. Active transport of calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Depolarization is caused by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, allowing Na+ to rush
into the cell. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide
accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related
distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily used at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal
muscle contraction?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
C. GABA
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons to trigger
muscle contraction. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based practice and
improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer (D)
requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 2
, BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026 UPDATE |St… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
4. The ‘resting and digesting’ division of the autonomic nervous system is the:
A. Sympathetic division
B. Parasympathetic division
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Sensory division
Answer: B
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy and promotes house- keeping functions
like digestion. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors,
making a clear rationale essential for mastery. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe,
evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes.
5. Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Parietal lobe
Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings
supports safe, evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept
because selecting the correct answer (B) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical
nursing implications.
6. The blood-brain barrier is formed primarily by the tight junctions of endothelial cells and the
processes of:
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Satellite cells
D. Microglia
Answer: A
Rationale: Astrocytes wrap their perivascular feet around capillaries to regulate the passage of substances into
the brain. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors,
making a clear rationale essential for mastery. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe,
evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 3
✓ VERIFIED • 2026 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026
UPDATE |Straighterline
Actual Exam Questions & Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations)
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Full Rationales
Status: Verified & Updated for 2026
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 1
,BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026 UPDATE |St… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
Questions & Verified Answers
1. Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the
Central Nervous System (CNS)?
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Schwann cells
D. Astrocytes
Answer: A
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the CNS, while Schwann cells perform this function in the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer
(A) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications. Recognizing this
principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate patient education.
2. During an action potential, the rapid change in membrane potential from -70mV to +30mV is
primarily caused by:
A. Influx of chloride ions
B. Efflux of potassium ions
C. Influx of sodium ions
D. Active transport of calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Depolarization is caused by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, allowing Na+ to rush
into the cell. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide
accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related
distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily used at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal
muscle contraction?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
C. GABA
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons to trigger
muscle contraction. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based practice and
improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer (D)
requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 2
, BIO 201 Exam 4 - Anatomy & Physiology I 2026 UPDATE |St… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
4. The ‘resting and digesting’ division of the autonomic nervous system is the:
A. Sympathetic division
B. Parasympathetic division
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Sensory division
Answer: B
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy and promotes house- keeping functions
like digestion. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors,
making a clear rationale essential for mastery. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe,
evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes.
5. Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Parietal lobe
Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings
supports safe, evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept
because selecting the correct answer (B) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical
nursing implications.
6. The blood-brain barrier is formed primarily by the tight junctions of endothelial cells and the
processes of:
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Satellite cells
D. Microglia
Answer: A
Rationale: Astrocytes wrap their perivascular feet around capillaries to regulate the passage of substances into
the brain. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors,
making a clear rationale essential for mastery. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe,
evidence-based practice and improves patient outcomes.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 3
