CFI FOI ACRONYMS (PM) EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Minimize Student Frustrations (MACKBAG) - Answers - Motivate Learners
- Approach learners as individuals--Each individual learner has there own learning style
- Criticize Constructively
- Keep learners informed
- Be well Prepared (over prepared)
- Be consistent--the CFI's actions must be consistent to avoid learner confusion
- Admit Errors
- Give credit when due
Definitions of Human Behavior - Answers Human behavior is the result of attempts to satisfy certain
needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers physiological
safety and security
love and belongingness
self esteem
self-actualization
Defense Mechanisms - Answers Denial - refusal to accept reality
Displacement - displace anger and frustration on family etc
Repression - Too stressed out to cope w learning
Compensation - they compensate a bad performance with a good aspect of their performance
Projection - Displace or project blame on another factor
Rationalization - Excuse as to why they performed poorly
Fantasy - Daydreaming about how things should be rather than reality
Reaction Formation - A concisous attitude that the student forms to protect themself from a
dangerous desire.
Learner's Emotional Reactions - Answers Anxiety
Impatience
Worry or lack of interest
Physical Discomfort
Apathy due to inadequate instruction
(Abnormal and normal reactions to stress)
Basic elements of communication - Answers Source - sender, speaker cfi
Symbols - words, symbols etc
Receiver - the learner.
Barriers to effective communication - Answers Confusion about what's being Said
Overuse of Abstractions
Interference
lack of common experience
Developing Communication Skills - Answers Listening
Instructional Enhancement
Questioning
Instructional Communication
Role Playing
Learning Theory - Answers Behaviorism - Positive reinforcement, Stresses the importance of having
particular behavior reinforced
Cognitive Theory - Learning is done through organizing thoughts. A change in the way a leaner
thinks/understands/ feels.
Blend of two learning theories that students fall into.
Factors that affect Perception - Answers Time and opportunity
Physical Organism
Element of threat
Goals and values
, self concept
Perceptions and Insight - Answers Perceptions are the thoughts and feelings developed by sensory
reactions. Insight are the perceptions grouped into a meaningful whole. (instructors create insight)
Insight - The "aha" moment. The learner gains a complete understanding of the concept.
Factors of perceptions
Acquiring knowledge - Answers Memorization - First attempt to acquire knowledge
Understanding - Learner beings to organize knowledge in a way that gives way to understanding.
Concept Learning- People group ideas, events etc. Grouping information creates manageable
categories.
Laws of Learning - Answers Readiness - they need to be ready to learn
Exercise - Connections are strengthened with practice.
Effect - behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated.
Primacy - What is learned first, creates a strong impression
Intensity - a vivid learning experience
Recency - things most recently are remembered best
Domains of leaning - Answers Cognitive - learning that might be gained during ground school
Affective - this hierarchy address a learner's emotions toward the educational experience including.
e.g. for example evaluating a positive attitude toward safety,
Psychomotor - physical skill, skill based on physical movement, coordination.
Levels of Learning - Answers Rote
Understanding
Application
Correlation
Characteristics of Learning - Answers Purposeful
Result of Experience ( learning by doing)
Active Process (constantly engaging the learner)
Multifaceted
Acquiring Skill Knowledge - Answers Cognitive - Memorizing a skill
Associative - Practicing begins to store the information
Automatic Response - Through practice, the skill becomes automatic
Types of Practice - Answers Deliberate - Learner practices in specific areas for improvement and
receives specific feedback.
Blocked - Practicing the same drill until it becomes automatic.
Random - Mixes up the skills to be acquired throughout the practice session.
Errors - Answers Slips - A person plans on one thing and inadvertantely does the other.
mistakes - Person plans on doing the wrong thing and succeeds.
Types of memory - Answers sensory - receives initial stimuli taken in from the environment around
them.
short term - Resembles an air traffic control tower. Information is roughly stored 30 seconds and then
it either rapidly fades or is moved to long term memory.
long term - Relatively permanent storage of unlimited information
Memory Forgetting - Answers Interference
Fading
Repression
Retrieval Failure
Retention of Learning - Answers MR LAMP
Meaningful repetition aids recall
Recall is prompted by association
Learning with all senses is most effective
Attitudes that are favorable will aid retention
Mnemonics
Praise stimulates recall
Minimize Student Frustrations (MACKBAG) - Answers - Motivate Learners
- Approach learners as individuals--Each individual learner has there own learning style
- Criticize Constructively
- Keep learners informed
- Be well Prepared (over prepared)
- Be consistent--the CFI's actions must be consistent to avoid learner confusion
- Admit Errors
- Give credit when due
Definitions of Human Behavior - Answers Human behavior is the result of attempts to satisfy certain
needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers physiological
safety and security
love and belongingness
self esteem
self-actualization
Defense Mechanisms - Answers Denial - refusal to accept reality
Displacement - displace anger and frustration on family etc
Repression - Too stressed out to cope w learning
Compensation - they compensate a bad performance with a good aspect of their performance
Projection - Displace or project blame on another factor
Rationalization - Excuse as to why they performed poorly
Fantasy - Daydreaming about how things should be rather than reality
Reaction Formation - A concisous attitude that the student forms to protect themself from a
dangerous desire.
Learner's Emotional Reactions - Answers Anxiety
Impatience
Worry or lack of interest
Physical Discomfort
Apathy due to inadequate instruction
(Abnormal and normal reactions to stress)
Basic elements of communication - Answers Source - sender, speaker cfi
Symbols - words, symbols etc
Receiver - the learner.
Barriers to effective communication - Answers Confusion about what's being Said
Overuse of Abstractions
Interference
lack of common experience
Developing Communication Skills - Answers Listening
Instructional Enhancement
Questioning
Instructional Communication
Role Playing
Learning Theory - Answers Behaviorism - Positive reinforcement, Stresses the importance of having
particular behavior reinforced
Cognitive Theory - Learning is done through organizing thoughts. A change in the way a leaner
thinks/understands/ feels.
Blend of two learning theories that students fall into.
Factors that affect Perception - Answers Time and opportunity
Physical Organism
Element of threat
Goals and values
, self concept
Perceptions and Insight - Answers Perceptions are the thoughts and feelings developed by sensory
reactions. Insight are the perceptions grouped into a meaningful whole. (instructors create insight)
Insight - The "aha" moment. The learner gains a complete understanding of the concept.
Factors of perceptions
Acquiring knowledge - Answers Memorization - First attempt to acquire knowledge
Understanding - Learner beings to organize knowledge in a way that gives way to understanding.
Concept Learning- People group ideas, events etc. Grouping information creates manageable
categories.
Laws of Learning - Answers Readiness - they need to be ready to learn
Exercise - Connections are strengthened with practice.
Effect - behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated.
Primacy - What is learned first, creates a strong impression
Intensity - a vivid learning experience
Recency - things most recently are remembered best
Domains of leaning - Answers Cognitive - learning that might be gained during ground school
Affective - this hierarchy address a learner's emotions toward the educational experience including.
e.g. for example evaluating a positive attitude toward safety,
Psychomotor - physical skill, skill based on physical movement, coordination.
Levels of Learning - Answers Rote
Understanding
Application
Correlation
Characteristics of Learning - Answers Purposeful
Result of Experience ( learning by doing)
Active Process (constantly engaging the learner)
Multifaceted
Acquiring Skill Knowledge - Answers Cognitive - Memorizing a skill
Associative - Practicing begins to store the information
Automatic Response - Through practice, the skill becomes automatic
Types of Practice - Answers Deliberate - Learner practices in specific areas for improvement and
receives specific feedback.
Blocked - Practicing the same drill until it becomes automatic.
Random - Mixes up the skills to be acquired throughout the practice session.
Errors - Answers Slips - A person plans on one thing and inadvertantely does the other.
mistakes - Person plans on doing the wrong thing and succeeds.
Types of memory - Answers sensory - receives initial stimuli taken in from the environment around
them.
short term - Resembles an air traffic control tower. Information is roughly stored 30 seconds and then
it either rapidly fades or is moved to long term memory.
long term - Relatively permanent storage of unlimited information
Memory Forgetting - Answers Interference
Fading
Repression
Retrieval Failure
Retention of Learning - Answers MR LAMP
Meaningful repetition aids recall
Recall is prompted by association
Learning with all senses is most effective
Attitudes that are favorable will aid retention
Mnemonics
Praise stimulates recall
