MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTERS 5 THROUGH 75 ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A.pdf

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTERS 5
THROUGH 75 ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

◉ Compare/contrast gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.
Answer: Gram (+)
1. thick peptidoglycan
2. small periplasmic space
3. Teichoic acid


Gram (-)
1. THIN peptidoglycan
2. LPS
3. Porins
4. Large periplasmic space


◉ Plasmids carry genes for?.
Answer: 1. Antibiotic resistance
2. Resistance to heavy metals (Hg, Ag)
3. Resistance to UV light
4. Pili

,5. Exotoxins


◉ Bacterial shapes: cocci.
Answer: - diplococci (pair)
- streptococci
- tetrad (4)
- staphylococci
- Sarcina (cube of 8)


◉ Bacterial shapes: Rods (Bacilli).
Answer: -chain of bacilli
-flagellate rods
-spore former


◉ Bacterial shapes: Spirals.
Answer: -Vibrios
-Spirilla
-Spirochaetes


◉ The shape of a bacterium is determined by its _____..
Answer: rigid cell wall

,◉ Smallest and largest bacteria.
Answer: Smallest:
Mycoplasma


Largest: Bacillus anthracis


◉ Bacteria is a prokaryote with the following characteristics : ______.
Answer: -no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-chromosomes and plasmids freely float in cytoplasm


◉ Function of cells wall.
Answer: • Provides structural
support
• Made of peptidoglycan
(polysaccharide)


◉ Function of capsule.
Answer: Sticky outer layer
for protection and
attachment


◉ Function of plasma cell membrane.

, Answer: • Directs what enters
and exits
• Phospholipid bilayer


◉ Differences in cell walls gram (-) and (+).
Answer:


◉ Gram positive bacteria structure.
Answer: • Inner plasma cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
• Thick 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
• Outer Capsule


◉ Gram negative bacteria structure.
Answer: • Inner plasma cell membrane
(phospholipid bilayer)
• Thin 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
• Another outer plasma cell
membrane (phospholipid
bilayer - 'lipopolysaccharides')
• Outer Capsule


◉ Bacteria unlike eukaryotes have no ____ in plasma membrane..