MEDICAL EMERGENCIES FISDAP FINAL PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ opiates and opioids.
Answer: natural vs synthetic narcotics. Named for the opium in
poppy seeds (codeine and morphine).
most commonly abused drug in the US.
common synthetic opioids include: meperidine, hydromorphone,
oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone.
CNS depressants, can cause severe respiratory depression.
administered intravenously: produce a high/kick.
tolerance develops quickly
respiratory and then cardiac arrest are common
cause nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. seizures are uncommon
but can occur after OD as the patient enters a coma.
,patients appear sedated/unconscious and exhibit cyanosis with
pinpoint pupils.
with pinpoint pupils: most commonly accepted sign of opiate abuse.
high risk of hepatitis C and HIV in opiate abusers
naloxone/narcan is the antidote: IV, IM, IN (ideally IV, then IN, finally
IM -- IM is the safest).
◉ common narcotics.
Answer: butorphanol (stadol), codeine, fentanyl (sublimaze), heroin,
hydrocodone (vicodin), hydromorphone (dilaudid), morphine,
methadone (dolophine), oxycodone hydrochloride (oxycontin),
oxymorphone (opana)
◉ Naloxone admin.
Answer: only use when patient has agonal or absent respirations.
Address the ABCs first, ventilate the patient and then apply naloxone
(reduces risk of hypoxic brain injury). Remove airways (especially
oral) as patient becomes conscious
,find out if any bystanders have administered naloxone before doing
it yourself.
◉ narcotic.
Answer: a drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness.
◉ sedative-hypnotic drugs.
Answer: barbiturates and benzodiazepines: easy to obtain and fairly
cheap.
CNS depressants and alter LOC
patients appear drowsy, peaceful, or intoxicated.
These drugs do not produce a high nor relieve pain, however they
are often combined with other substances
mimic effects similar to alcohol.
typically ingested. can also be dissolved in water and injected. -->
quickly induces tolerance.
OD is rare, suicide is not --> respiratory depression, coma.
, treat the ABCs, monitor LOC, test orientation (AVPU), watch for
vomiting --> often difficult to identify which substance, so just focus
on the ABCs.
◉ Barbiturates.
Answer: amobarbital (amytal), butabarbital (butisol), pentobarbital
(nembutal), phenobarbital (luminal), secobarbital (seconal)
◉ benzodiazepines.
Answer: alprazolam (xanax), chrlodiazepoxide (librium), diazepam
(valium), flunitrazepam (rohypnol), lorazepam (ativan), oxazepam
(serax), temazepam (restoril).
◉ misc sedative hypnotics.
Answer: carisoprodol (soma), chloral hydrate (mickey finn),
eszopiclone (lunesta), cyclobenzaprine (flexeril), ethchlorcynol
(placidyl), ethyl alcohol (drinking alcohol), ketamine (ketalar),
isopropyl alcohol, meprobamate (equagesic)
◉ date rape sedative hypnotics.
Answer: chloral hydrate, mickey finn, flunitrazepam (rohypnol),
ketamine/ketalar/special K --> often tasetless/colorless, and
odorless.
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ opiates and opioids.
Answer: natural vs synthetic narcotics. Named for the opium in
poppy seeds (codeine and morphine).
most commonly abused drug in the US.
common synthetic opioids include: meperidine, hydromorphone,
oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone.
CNS depressants, can cause severe respiratory depression.
administered intravenously: produce a high/kick.
tolerance develops quickly
respiratory and then cardiac arrest are common
cause nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. seizures are uncommon
but can occur after OD as the patient enters a coma.
,patients appear sedated/unconscious and exhibit cyanosis with
pinpoint pupils.
with pinpoint pupils: most commonly accepted sign of opiate abuse.
high risk of hepatitis C and HIV in opiate abusers
naloxone/narcan is the antidote: IV, IM, IN (ideally IV, then IN, finally
IM -- IM is the safest).
◉ common narcotics.
Answer: butorphanol (stadol), codeine, fentanyl (sublimaze), heroin,
hydrocodone (vicodin), hydromorphone (dilaudid), morphine,
methadone (dolophine), oxycodone hydrochloride (oxycontin),
oxymorphone (opana)
◉ Naloxone admin.
Answer: only use when patient has agonal or absent respirations.
Address the ABCs first, ventilate the patient and then apply naloxone
(reduces risk of hypoxic brain injury). Remove airways (especially
oral) as patient becomes conscious
,find out if any bystanders have administered naloxone before doing
it yourself.
◉ narcotic.
Answer: a drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness.
◉ sedative-hypnotic drugs.
Answer: barbiturates and benzodiazepines: easy to obtain and fairly
cheap.
CNS depressants and alter LOC
patients appear drowsy, peaceful, or intoxicated.
These drugs do not produce a high nor relieve pain, however they
are often combined with other substances
mimic effects similar to alcohol.
typically ingested. can also be dissolved in water and injected. -->
quickly induces tolerance.
OD is rare, suicide is not --> respiratory depression, coma.
, treat the ABCs, monitor LOC, test orientation (AVPU), watch for
vomiting --> often difficult to identify which substance, so just focus
on the ABCs.
◉ Barbiturates.
Answer: amobarbital (amytal), butabarbital (butisol), pentobarbital
(nembutal), phenobarbital (luminal), secobarbital (seconal)
◉ benzodiazepines.
Answer: alprazolam (xanax), chrlodiazepoxide (librium), diazepam
(valium), flunitrazepam (rohypnol), lorazepam (ativan), oxazepam
(serax), temazepam (restoril).
◉ misc sedative hypnotics.
Answer: carisoprodol (soma), chloral hydrate (mickey finn),
eszopiclone (lunesta), cyclobenzaprine (flexeril), ethchlorcynol
(placidyl), ethyl alcohol (drinking alcohol), ketamine (ketalar),
isopropyl alcohol, meprobamate (equagesic)
◉ date rape sedative hypnotics.
Answer: chloral hydrate, mickey finn, flunitrazepam (rohypnol),
ketamine/ketalar/special K --> often tasetless/colorless, and
odorless.
