MED SURGE GI ACTUAL EXAM 2026
COMPREHENSIVE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE
◉ What are antacids used for?
Answer: To neutralize gastric acids, examples include Rolaids, Tums,
and Mylanta.
◉ What do H2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer: Reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors,
examples include famotidine (Pepcid) and cimetidine (Tagamet).
◉ What are proton pump inhibitors?
Answer: Medications like omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole
(Protonix) that decrease the release of gastric acid.
◉ What are prokinetic agents?
Answer: Medications like metoclopramide (Reglan) that increase
gastric emptying time, contraindicated with Parkinson's.
◉ What is the teaching plan for a client with GERD?
, Answer: Eat small frequent meals, avoid overeating, avoid caffeine,
alcohol, tobacco, peppermint, spicy and fatty foods, avoid eating 2
hours before bedtime, elevate HOB 6-8 inches, maintain a healthy
weight, take medications as prescribed, and avoid tight clothing.
◉ What are nursing diagnoses for GERD?
Answer: Risk for deficient fluid volume, imbalanced nutrition, and
risk for aspiration.
◉ What are nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting?
Answer: Monitor intake and output, assess hydration status,
administer antiemetics, maintain NPO status if severe, provide oral
care, gradually advance diet, and monitor electrolyte levels.
◉ What is a hiatal hernia?
Answer: A portion of the stomach protrudes into the esophagus
through an opening in the diaphragm.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of a hiatal hernia?
Answer: Pyrosis, regurgitation, dysphagia, epigastric pain, fullness
after eating, or may be asymptomatic.
◉ What are diagnostic tests for hiatal hernia?
COMPREHENSIVE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE
◉ What are antacids used for?
Answer: To neutralize gastric acids, examples include Rolaids, Tums,
and Mylanta.
◉ What do H2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer: Reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors,
examples include famotidine (Pepcid) and cimetidine (Tagamet).
◉ What are proton pump inhibitors?
Answer: Medications like omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole
(Protonix) that decrease the release of gastric acid.
◉ What are prokinetic agents?
Answer: Medications like metoclopramide (Reglan) that increase
gastric emptying time, contraindicated with Parkinson's.
◉ What is the teaching plan for a client with GERD?
, Answer: Eat small frequent meals, avoid overeating, avoid caffeine,
alcohol, tobacco, peppermint, spicy and fatty foods, avoid eating 2
hours before bedtime, elevate HOB 6-8 inches, maintain a healthy
weight, take medications as prescribed, and avoid tight clothing.
◉ What are nursing diagnoses for GERD?
Answer: Risk for deficient fluid volume, imbalanced nutrition, and
risk for aspiration.
◉ What are nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting?
Answer: Monitor intake and output, assess hydration status,
administer antiemetics, maintain NPO status if severe, provide oral
care, gradually advance diet, and monitor electrolyte levels.
◉ What is a hiatal hernia?
Answer: A portion of the stomach protrudes into the esophagus
through an opening in the diaphragm.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of a hiatal hernia?
Answer: Pyrosis, regurgitation, dysphagia, epigastric pain, fullness
after eating, or may be asymptomatic.
◉ What are diagnostic tests for hiatal hernia?
