WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
PREVIEW BEFORE PURCHASE
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
Selected exam and study-guide pages are shown below.
,Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam ............................................................... 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides.................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes ....................................... 99
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient presents with sudden onset of limb pain, pallor, and absent distal
pulses after prolonged immobilization following hip surgery. Which
cardiovascular condition involves a blood clot blocking circulation in blood
vessels?
A. Thrombosis
B. Embolism
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
An embolism occurs when a detached thrombus or other foreign material (embolus)
travels through the bloodstream and occludes a vessel, causing acute ischemia.
Thrombosis refers to clot formation at the site, whereas an embolism specifically
involves migration and obstruction. Aneurysm is a localized vessel dilation, and
stenosis is narrowing without complete occlusion.
,2. A 28-year-old construction worker slips on a wet log and lands on a sharp
stick, puncturing his thigh. Two hours later, the wound site demonstrates
erythema, warmth, and purulent drainage. Which type of cell phagocytoses
bacteria and damaged cells as part of the innate immune response?
A. Basophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Eosinophil
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale:
Neutrophils are the first responders in acute inflammation and are highly
phagocytic, engulfing bacteria and cellular debris. Basophils mediate allergic
responses via histamine release. Lymphocytes are central to adaptive immunity.
Eosinophils primarily target parasitic infections and modulate allergic reactions.
3. A 17-year-old male is evaluated for infertility. Physical examination reveals
gynecomastia, small firm testes, sparse body hair, a high-pitched voice, tall
stature, and moderate intellectual disability. Which chromosomal condition
does this person most likely have?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Klinefelter syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Fragile X syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is the most common sex chromosome disorder in
males. Clinical manifestations include hypogonadism, gynecomastia, tall stature,
reduced body hair, and varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Turner syndrome
(45,X) affects females. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) presents with distinct
craniofacial features and intellectual disability but not hypogonadism. Fragile X
syndrome is associated with macroorchidism and autism spectrum features.
,4. A newborn with Down syndrome undergoes cardiac evaluation prior to
discharge. Which congenital anomaly most commonly contributes to the
reduced survival rate observed in this population?
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Congenital heart defects (general)
D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale:
Approximately 40–50% of infants with Down syndrome have congenital heart
defects, including atrioventricular septal defects, VSDs, and patent ductus arteriosus.
These structural anomalies significantly increase morbidity and mortality,
particularly in early infancy, necessitating echocardiographic screening at birth.
5. During embryonic development, the posterior neuropore fails to close by
the fourth week of gestation. Which disorder is associated with this neural
tube defect?
A. Anencephaly
B. Spina bifida
C. Encephalocele
D. Hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Spina bifida results from incomplete closure of the posterior neural tube, leading to
vertebral arch defects and potential herniation of meninges or spinal cord.
Anencephaly arises from failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Encephalocele
involves herniation of brain tissue through a skull defect. Hydrocephalus is often a
secondary complication rather than a primary neural tube defect.
,6. A 35-year-old basketball player jumps for a rebound and feels a sudden pop
in his calf, followed by intense pain and inability to plantarflex his foot against
resistance. Which type of injury has he sustained?
A. Sprain
B. Strain
C. Fracture
D. Dislocation
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
A strain involves stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or tendons, commonly
affecting the gastrocnemius-soleus complex during explosive acceleration or
jumping. A sprain involves ligamentous injury. Fracture denotes bone disruption,
and dislocation involves joint malalignment. The mechanism and loss of
plantarflexion strength are classic for a calf strain.
7. A 22-year-old male sustains a comminuted tibial fracture in a motorcycle
accident. Six hours post-injury, he develops severe pain disproportionate to
the injury, pain with passive stretch of the toes, and paresthesia in the foot.
Which condition is most likely?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Acute compartment syndrome
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Complex regional pain syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency characterized by increased
pressure within a fascial compartment, compromising perfusion and neuromuscular
function. The "6 Ps"—pain out of proportion, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis, and poikilothermia—guide diagnosis. Fractures and penetrating trauma to
the forearm, lower leg, or abdomen are primary causes. Immediate fasciotomy is
required to prevent irreversible ischemic damage.
, D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
Albumin
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
Oncotic Pressure
What is the difference between adult and child immunity?
Naive T Cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _________________, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
Osmoreceptors
What are the causes of dehydration?
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both
What s/sx are associated with dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and
pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does she have?
, Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes
Bones buffer acid by
Releasing alkaline salts (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) into circulation.
Strain
injury to muscle or tendon - causes pain, swelling, and muscle weakness
Sprain
injury to a ligament, which connects bones to the joint
What is myopia?
Myopia is also known as nearsightedness.
Where does light focus in myopia?
Light focuses in front of the retina.
What causes myopia?
Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea.
What are common symptoms of myopia?
Common symptoms include blurry distant vision, squinting, and eye strain.
What are two common corrections for myopia?
Corrections for myopia include LASIK and concave lenses.
What is glaucoma?
A condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired
aqueous humor drainage.
, WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam ............................................................... 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides.................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes ....................................... 99
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient presents with sudden onset of limb pain, pallor, and absent distal
pulses after prolonged immobilization following hip surgery. Which
cardiovascular condition involves a blood clot blocking circulation in blood
vessels?
A. Thrombosis
B. Embolism
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
An embolism occurs when a detached thrombus or other foreign material (embolus)
travels through the bloodstream and occludes a vessel, causing acute ischemia.
Thrombosis refers to clot formation at the site, whereas an embolism specifically
involves migration and obstruction. Aneurysm is a localized vessel dilation, and
stenosis is narrowing without complete occlusion.
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
PREVIEW BEFORE PURCHASE
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
Selected exam and study-guide pages are shown below.
,Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam ............................................................... 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides.................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes ....................................... 99
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient presents with sudden onset of limb pain, pallor, and absent distal
pulses after prolonged immobilization following hip surgery. Which
cardiovascular condition involves a blood clot blocking circulation in blood
vessels?
A. Thrombosis
B. Embolism
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
An embolism occurs when a detached thrombus or other foreign material (embolus)
travels through the bloodstream and occludes a vessel, causing acute ischemia.
Thrombosis refers to clot formation at the site, whereas an embolism specifically
involves migration and obstruction. Aneurysm is a localized vessel dilation, and
stenosis is narrowing without complete occlusion.
,2. A 28-year-old construction worker slips on a wet log and lands on a sharp
stick, puncturing his thigh. Two hours later, the wound site demonstrates
erythema, warmth, and purulent drainage. Which type of cell phagocytoses
bacteria and damaged cells as part of the innate immune response?
A. Basophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Eosinophil
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale:
Neutrophils are the first responders in acute inflammation and are highly
phagocytic, engulfing bacteria and cellular debris. Basophils mediate allergic
responses via histamine release. Lymphocytes are central to adaptive immunity.
Eosinophils primarily target parasitic infections and modulate allergic reactions.
3. A 17-year-old male is evaluated for infertility. Physical examination reveals
gynecomastia, small firm testes, sparse body hair, a high-pitched voice, tall
stature, and moderate intellectual disability. Which chromosomal condition
does this person most likely have?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Klinefelter syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Fragile X syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is the most common sex chromosome disorder in
males. Clinical manifestations include hypogonadism, gynecomastia, tall stature,
reduced body hair, and varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Turner syndrome
(45,X) affects females. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) presents with distinct
craniofacial features and intellectual disability but not hypogonadism. Fragile X
syndrome is associated with macroorchidism and autism spectrum features.
,4. A newborn with Down syndrome undergoes cardiac evaluation prior to
discharge. Which congenital anomaly most commonly contributes to the
reduced survival rate observed in this population?
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Congenital heart defects (general)
D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale:
Approximately 40–50% of infants with Down syndrome have congenital heart
defects, including atrioventricular septal defects, VSDs, and patent ductus arteriosus.
These structural anomalies significantly increase morbidity and mortality,
particularly in early infancy, necessitating echocardiographic screening at birth.
5. During embryonic development, the posterior neuropore fails to close by
the fourth week of gestation. Which disorder is associated with this neural
tube defect?
A. Anencephaly
B. Spina bifida
C. Encephalocele
D. Hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Spina bifida results from incomplete closure of the posterior neural tube, leading to
vertebral arch defects and potential herniation of meninges or spinal cord.
Anencephaly arises from failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Encephalocele
involves herniation of brain tissue through a skull defect. Hydrocephalus is often a
secondary complication rather than a primary neural tube defect.
,6. A 35-year-old basketball player jumps for a rebound and feels a sudden pop
in his calf, followed by intense pain and inability to plantarflex his foot against
resistance. Which type of injury has he sustained?
A. Sprain
B. Strain
C. Fracture
D. Dislocation
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
A strain involves stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or tendons, commonly
affecting the gastrocnemius-soleus complex during explosive acceleration or
jumping. A sprain involves ligamentous injury. Fracture denotes bone disruption,
and dislocation involves joint malalignment. The mechanism and loss of
plantarflexion strength are classic for a calf strain.
7. A 22-year-old male sustains a comminuted tibial fracture in a motorcycle
accident. Six hours post-injury, he develops severe pain disproportionate to
the injury, pain with passive stretch of the toes, and paresthesia in the foot.
Which condition is most likely?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Acute compartment syndrome
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Complex regional pain syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency characterized by increased
pressure within a fascial compartment, compromising perfusion and neuromuscular
function. The "6 Ps"—pain out of proportion, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis, and poikilothermia—guide diagnosis. Fractures and penetrating trauma to
the forearm, lower leg, or abdomen are primary causes. Immediate fasciotomy is
required to prevent irreversible ischemic damage.
, D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
Albumin
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
Oncotic Pressure
What is the difference between adult and child immunity?
Naive T Cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _________________, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
Osmoreceptors
What are the causes of dehydration?
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both
What s/sx are associated with dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and
pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does she have?
, Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes
Bones buffer acid by
Releasing alkaline salts (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) into circulation.
Strain
injury to muscle or tendon - causes pain, swelling, and muscle weakness
Sprain
injury to a ligament, which connects bones to the joint
What is myopia?
Myopia is also known as nearsightedness.
Where does light focus in myopia?
Light focuses in front of the retina.
What causes myopia?
Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea.
What are common symptoms of myopia?
Common symptoms include blurry distant vision, squinting, and eye strain.
What are two common corrections for myopia?
Corrections for myopia include LASIK and concave lenses.
What is glaucoma?
A condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired
aqueous humor drainage.
, WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam ............................................................... 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides.................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes ....................................... 99
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient presents with sudden onset of limb pain, pallor, and absent distal
pulses after prolonged immobilization following hip surgery. Which
cardiovascular condition involves a blood clot blocking circulation in blood
vessels?
A. Thrombosis
B. Embolism
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale:
An embolism occurs when a detached thrombus or other foreign material (embolus)
travels through the bloodstream and occludes a vessel, causing acute ischemia.
Thrombosis refers to clot formation at the site, whereas an embolism specifically
involves migration and obstruction. Aneurysm is a localized vessel dilation, and
stenosis is narrowing without complete occlusion.
