NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM AND FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate
immune system?
A) Neutrophils
B) Macrophages
C) Dendritic cells
D) Natural killer cells
Answer A: Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the primary phagocytes and first responders to sites of
infection as part of the innate immune system .
2. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity
reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer D: Type IV
,Rationale: Allergic contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) is a Type IV hypersensitivity
reaction mediated by T cells .
3. Hives (urticaria) are an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer A: Type I
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
and mast cell degranulation .
4. Which of the assessment findings would be expected with urticaria?
A) Neutrophilia
B) Eosinophilia
C) Leukopenia
D) Thrombocytosis
Answer B: Eosinophilia
Rationale: Eosinophilia is commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity
reactions such as urticaria and allergic conditions .
5. The underlying pathology for hay fever involves:
,A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Complement activation
C) T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
D) Immune complex deposition
Answer A: Mast cell degranulation
Rationale: Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction caused
by mast cell degranulation following allergen exposure .
6. Anaphylaxis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer A: Type I
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
and mast cell degranulation .
7. Type II (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A) IgG or IgM
B) IgE
C) T cells
D) Macrophages
Answer A: IgG or IgM
, Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgG or IgM
antibodies directed against cell surface antigens .
8. Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because:
A) Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis
B) Antibodies block RBC receptors
C) T cells attack RBCs
D) Macrophages engulf RBCs
Answer A: Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis
Rationale: ABO incompatibility results in complement-mediated lysis of RBCs
when incompatible blood is transfused .
9. The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden
swollen lips and eyes, shortness of breath, and throat tightness after a bee
sting is:
A) Urticaria
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Angioedema
D) Allergic rhinitis
Answer B: Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Sudden onset of swollen lips, eyes, shortness of breath, and throat
tightness after a bee sting is characteristic of anaphylaxis .
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate
immune system?
A) Neutrophils
B) Macrophages
C) Dendritic cells
D) Natural killer cells
Answer A: Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the primary phagocytes and first responders to sites of
infection as part of the innate immune system .
2. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity
reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer D: Type IV
,Rationale: Allergic contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) is a Type IV hypersensitivity
reaction mediated by T cells .
3. Hives (urticaria) are an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer A: Type I
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
and mast cell degranulation .
4. Which of the assessment findings would be expected with urticaria?
A) Neutrophilia
B) Eosinophilia
C) Leukopenia
D) Thrombocytosis
Answer B: Eosinophilia
Rationale: Eosinophilia is commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity
reactions such as urticaria and allergic conditions .
5. The underlying pathology for hay fever involves:
,A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Complement activation
C) T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
D) Immune complex deposition
Answer A: Mast cell degranulation
Rationale: Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction caused
by mast cell degranulation following allergen exposure .
6. Anaphylaxis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer A: Type I
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
and mast cell degranulation .
7. Type II (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A) IgG or IgM
B) IgE
C) T cells
D) Macrophages
Answer A: IgG or IgM
, Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgG or IgM
antibodies directed against cell surface antigens .
8. Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because:
A) Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis
B) Antibodies block RBC receptors
C) T cells attack RBCs
D) Macrophages engulf RBCs
Answer A: Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis
Rationale: ABO incompatibility results in complement-mediated lysis of RBCs
when incompatible blood is transfused .
9. The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden
swollen lips and eyes, shortness of breath, and throat tightness after a bee
sting is:
A) Urticaria
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Angioedema
D) Allergic rhinitis
Answer B: Anaphylaxis
Rationale: Sudden onset of swollen lips, eyes, shortness of breath, and throat
tightness after a bee sting is characteristic of anaphylaxis .
