BSN | Exam 1: Health Assessment, Pathophysiology &
Pharmacology Intro Questions With Answers and detailed
Rationales
Question 1.
A patient describes their pain as ‘sharp and stabbing’ in the chest. This type of information
is classified as:
A. Secondary data
B. Objective data
C. Inspection data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D. Subjective data
Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that cannot
be measured directly by the nurse, such as feelings or descriptions of pain.
Question 2.
Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of most pharmacological agents?
A. Kidneys
B. Small Intestine
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Explanation: The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, where enzymes transform
drugs into metabolites for easier excretion.
Question 3.
An increase in the size of cells in response to increased workload is known as:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A. Hypertrophy
Explanation: Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the
enlargement of its component cells.
, Question 4.
When using a stethoscope, the diaphragm is best used for hearing which type of sounds?
A. Low-pitched murmurs
B. Bruits
C. Extra heart sounds
D. High-pitched sounds like breath sounds
Correct Answer: D. High-pitched sounds like breath sounds
Explanation: The diaphragm of the stethoscope is designed to pick up high-pitched
sounds such as normal heart sounds, breath sounds, and bowel sounds.
Question 5.
Which route of medication administration provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral (PO)
B. Intravenous (IV)
C. Subcutaneous (SQ)
D. Intramuscular (IM)
Correct Answer: B. Intravenous (IV)
Explanation: Intravenous administration bypasses absorption barriers and the first-pass
effect, entering the systemic circulation directly.
Question 6.
During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize patient problems and
set goals?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A. Planning
Explanation: In the Planning phase, the nurse establishes priorities, identifies patient-
centered goals, and selects nursing interventions.
Question 7.
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical agents
B. Infectious agents
C. Genetic defects
D. Hypoxia
Correct Answer: D. Hypoxia
Pharmacology Intro Questions With Answers and detailed
Rationales
Question 1.
A patient describes their pain as ‘sharp and stabbing’ in the chest. This type of information
is classified as:
A. Secondary data
B. Objective data
C. Inspection data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D. Subjective data
Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that cannot
be measured directly by the nurse, such as feelings or descriptions of pain.
Question 2.
Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of most pharmacological agents?
A. Kidneys
B. Small Intestine
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Explanation: The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, where enzymes transform
drugs into metabolites for easier excretion.
Question 3.
An increase in the size of cells in response to increased workload is known as:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A. Hypertrophy
Explanation: Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the
enlargement of its component cells.
, Question 4.
When using a stethoscope, the diaphragm is best used for hearing which type of sounds?
A. Low-pitched murmurs
B. Bruits
C. Extra heart sounds
D. High-pitched sounds like breath sounds
Correct Answer: D. High-pitched sounds like breath sounds
Explanation: The diaphragm of the stethoscope is designed to pick up high-pitched
sounds such as normal heart sounds, breath sounds, and bowel sounds.
Question 5.
Which route of medication administration provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral (PO)
B. Intravenous (IV)
C. Subcutaneous (SQ)
D. Intramuscular (IM)
Correct Answer: B. Intravenous (IV)
Explanation: Intravenous administration bypasses absorption barriers and the first-pass
effect, entering the systemic circulation directly.
Question 6.
During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize patient problems and
set goals?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A. Planning
Explanation: In the Planning phase, the nurse establishes priorities, identifies patient-
centered goals, and selects nursing interventions.
Question 7.
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical agents
B. Infectious agents
C. Genetic defects
D. Hypoxia
Correct Answer: D. Hypoxia
